我国畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用装备现状与展望  

Current status and developing trends of equipment for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure in China

作　　者：张英慧 刘旭杰 李季[2,3] 王博 许艇[2,3] 苏敬 魏雨泉 张奎 ZHANG Yinghui;LIU Xujie;LI Ji;WANG Bo;XU Ting;SU Jing;WEI Yuquan;ZHANG Kui(Guangxi Environmental Protection Industry Investment Group Company,Nanning 530022,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Organic Recycling,China Agricultural University(Suzhou),Suzhou 215100,China;Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed,Academy of Agricultural and Animal Inner Mongolia Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]广西环保产业投资集团有限公司,南宁530022 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100 [4]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,呼和浩特010031 [5]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期196-208,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42307436,32071552)。

摘　　要：畜禽养殖规模化比例的增加使得畜禽粪污集中排放量几何倍增,畜禽粪污及时处理已成为解决农业面源污染的焦点问题。在畜牧业快速发展下,传统堆沤处理方式已经无法满足畜禽粪污处理需求,大规模畜禽粪污快速处理技术与装备应运而生。为了解畜禽粪污资源化利用装备的应用前景并分析其不足之处,本研究基于中国学术期刊网络出版总库(CNKI),检索和梳理共获得2663相关文献,并从固液分离装备、厌氧发酵装备、好氧堆肥装备和施肥装备4个方面论述了相关装备的应用现状与发展趋势。结果表明:1)固体粪便的处理以好氧堆肥为主,多以条垛式处理,机械化与环保性较差;2)液体粪污的处理以厌氧发酵还田为主,黑膜沼气池在我国养殖场应用较多,厌氧发酵资源化产品利用较差限制了反应器装备应用;3)施肥装备的市场化程度较低,多为传统撒肥机,精准施肥装备缺乏。此外,当前我国在畜禽粪污资源化利用方面存在设施落后、装备缺乏以及配套性差等问题,堆肥质量不佳、臭味重及高人工成本等成为粪便还田的关键限制。最后,本研究提出了升级改造养殖场堆肥设施、发展精准施肥机械等对策,认为畜禽粪污资源化利用设备未来发展方向为实现国产设备替代进口、提高设备稳定性与运行效率以及向高端市场发展等。The increase in of livestock and poultry farming scale has led to a geometric increase in the concentrated discharge of livestock and poultry manure,and timely treatment of livestock and poultry manure has become a key issue in solving agricultural non-point source pollution.With the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry,traditional composting methods can no longer meet the demands for livestock and poultry manure treatment giving rise to large-scale and rapid processing technologies and equipment.This study was based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),from which 2663 relevant articles were retrieved and analyzed.The application status and development trends of relevant equipment were discussed from four aspects:solid-liquid separation equipment,anaerobic fermentation equipment,aerobic composting equipment,and fertilization equipment.The results indicate that:1)The treatment of solid manure primarily relied on aerobic composting,mostly using windrow treatment,which was less mechanized and environmentally friendly.2)The treatment of liquid manure mainly involved anaerobic fermentation for field application,with black membrane biogas digesters being widely used in livestock farms in China.However,the poor utilization of anaerobic fermentation by-products limited the application of reactor equipment.3)The marketization of fertilization equipment was relatively low,mostly consisting of traditional manure spreaders,and there was a lack of precision fertilization equipment.Currently,the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure in China faces issued such as outdated facilities,lack of equipment,and poor integration.Key limitations to manure field application include poor compost quality,strong odor,and high labor costs.Finally,this study proposed countermeasures such as upgrading composting facilities on farms and developing precision fertilization machinery.The future development direction of equipment for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure includes repla

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 规模化养殖场 处理装备 现状与展望 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]