减氮配施腐植酸对新疆海岛棉光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with humic acid application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of island cotton in Xinjiang

作　　者：周杰闻 王亮 张娜[2] 崔建平[2] 林涛[2] 田立文[2] 汤秋香[1] 郭仁松[2] ZHOU Jiewen;WANG Liang;ZHANG Na;CUI Jianping;LIN Tao;TIAN Liwen;TANG Qiuxiang;GUO Rensong(College of Agronomy/Cotton Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumchi 830052,China;Cash crop research institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumchi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期254-265,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆农业科学院自主培育专项(xjnkyzzp-2022002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(202107201);国家重点研发课题(2022YFD1900105)。

摘　　要：为探究减氮配施腐植酸对新疆海岛棉光合特性及产量的影响,以海岛棉‘新78’为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验,分别设置不施氮(CK)、常规施氮600 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(1))、减量施氮300 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(2))、减量施氮300 kg/hm^(2)+腐植酸150 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(3))、施腐植酸300 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(4))5个处理,分析不同施肥方式对海岛棉叶面积指数(LAI)、光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率和叶片SPAD、净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(S))和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))及产量等指标的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,OF_(3)可显著提高海岛棉的LAI、PAR截获率和叶片SPAD。OF_(3)的LAI在盛铃期达到峰值,比CK、OF_(2)、OF_(4)分别升高7.56%、6.41%、6.37%,与OF_(1)无显著差异(P<0.05)。群体PAR截获率全生育期呈现先上升后降低的趋势,OF_(3)盛铃期在垂直距离70 cm处可达0.9以上,且OF_(3)在盛铃期叶片SPAD分别比CK、OF_(2)、OF_(4)高6.00%、4.77%、3.67%(P<0.05),与OF_(1)无显著差异。减氮配施腐植酸可使光合特性保持较高水平,增加干物质积累量,提高海岛棉产量。整个生育期内,OF_(1)和OF_(3)海岛棉的P_(n)、G_(S)和T_(r)均显著高于CK、OF_(2)和OF_(4),且OF_(3)与OF_(1)无显著差异(P<0.05)。光合参数在盛铃期差异达到最大值,OF_(1)的P_(n)、G_(S)和T_(r)分别比OF_(3)高2.62%、1.75%、1.51%,OF_(1)的C_(i)较OF_(3)降低4.64%。同时,OF_(3)可使海岛棉植株干物质积累比CK、OF_(1)、OF_(2)、OF_(4)提前4~13 d进入快速积累期,海岛棉产量升高6.31%~20.89%,并获得最大的积累速率(1.53 g/d)和生长特征值(60.67),分别比OF_(1)高出25.41%和2.67%。综上,在新疆海岛棉种植中采用氮300 kg/hm^(2)+腐植酸150 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(3))的施肥策略可显著提高海岛棉LAI和PAR截获率,保持较好光合特性促进产量的形成,有利于实现减氮和产量提升的双重目标。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction and humic acid application on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of island cotton in Xinjiang,island cotton‘Xin 78’was used as experimental material.Five treatments were set up,which were no nitrogen(CK),conventional nitrogen 600 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(1)),reduced nitrogen 300 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(2)),reduced nitrogen 300 kg/hm^(2)+humic acid 150 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(3))and humic acid 300 kg/hm^(2)(OF_(4)),respectively.The effects of different fertilization methods on the leaf area index(LAI),photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)interception rate,leaf SPAD,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))and yield of island cotton were analyzed.The results showed that:OF_(3) significantly increased LAI,PAR interception rate and leaf SPAD of Island cotton compared with CK.The LAI of OF_(3) reached its peak in the blooming period,and was 7.56%,6.41% and 6.37% higher than CK,OF_(2) and OF_(4),respectively,with no significant difference from OF_(1)(P<0.05).The population PAR interception rate increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period,and the hammer distance of OF_(3) at the bolling stage could reach more than 0.9 at 70 cm,and the leaf SPAD of OF_(3) at full bolling stage was 6.00%,4.77% and 3.67% higher than CK,OF_(2) and OF_(4),respectively(P<0.05),with no significant difference from OF_(1).Nitrogen reduction and humic acid application can maintain a higher level of photosynthetic characteristics,increase dry matter accumulation and increase the yield of island cotton.During the whole growth period,P_(n),Gs and T_(r) of OF_(1) and OF_(3) island cotton were significantly higher than CK,OF_(2) and OF_(4),and there was no significant difference between OF_(3) and OF_(1)(P<0.05).The difference of photosynthetic parameters reached the maximum at the peak of bolling stage.P_(n),Gs and T_(r) of OF_(1) were 2.62%,1.75% and 1.51% higher than those of OF_(3),respectively,and the C_(

关 键 词：海岛棉 氮肥 腐植酸 光合特性 新疆 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]