美国怀俄明州煤矿土地复垦基础信息调查浅析  

Analysis on the survey of baseline information on coal mine land reclamation in Wyoming(USA)

作　　者：李晶[1] 李亚楠 马天跃 付艳华 KRZYSZOWSKA Waitkus Anna 余海霞 LI Jing;LI Yanan;MA Tianyue;FU Yanhua;KRZYSZOWSKA Waitkus Anna;YU Haixia(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Economics and Management,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;Environmental Consulting,Laramie WY 82070,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]天津城建大学经济与管理学院,天津300384 [3]Environmental Consulting,美国Laramie WY 82070

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期290-302,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0127700)。

摘　　要：为厘清美国矿业第一大州怀俄明州煤矿土地复垦基础信息调查和实践,为我国深入开展土地复垦基础信息调查、土地复垦全程监管和提升土地复垦质量等提供参考。在梳理怀俄明州土地复垦法律、法规和相关指南基础上,探究该州的土地复垦基础信息调查相关制度依据、内容深度和调查方法,通过比较和结合我国国情,提出了对我国土地复垦基础信息调查工作的有益启示。结果表明:怀俄明州土地复垦基础信息调查制度完备,形成了国家法律、地方法律法规、地方技术指南以及多主体参与的监管机制;土地复垦基础信息调查内容涵盖土地利用、气候、地形和地质、水文、土壤、植被和野生动物、历史人文等,调查指标、深度和调查成果等要求明确;野外实测、遥感和GIS等仍是主要调查手段。怀俄明州土地复垦全程监管体系中多元利益主体权责比较清晰,通过法规明确了采矿权申请者实施采矿前基础信息调查的内容、深度、周期与频次等,形成了以开采许可制度、复垦保证金制度以及年报制度为特色的监管机制,并在实践中取得了很好的效果。因此,我国在立足本国土地复垦国情和保持自身特色的基础上,可进一步完善土地复垦基础信息调查深度与广度、明晰土地复垦基础信息调查监管体系、健全全过程动态监管技术和构建土地复垦信息共建共享机制。This study aims to gain insights into the land reclamation baseline information investigation and practices in Wyoming,the premier mining state in the United States,to provide references for inform and enhance the comprehensive investigation of baseline data,supervision and management throughout the entire process,and quality enhancement in China's land reclamation endeavors.Based on the review of laws,rules and regulations,and guidelines of the Wyoming Department of Environmental Land Quality Division,this study explores the institutional basis,depth of content,and investigation methods related to land reclamation baseline information of surface coal mines in Wyoming.Combining with the actual situation in China,this study puts forward the inspiration on how to improve permit baseline information gathering practices resulting in better land use of the Chinese mining land.The results indicate that:The system of gathering baseline information for better reclamation results in Wyoming is well developed,comprising federal laws,state rules and regulations,technical guidelines and supervision mechanism involving multiple stakeholders;The content of the land reclamation baseline information includes assessment of land use,climate conditions,topography,geology,hydrology(surface and groundwater and water rights),soil,vegetation,wildlife,and historical and cultural data;The requirements of how and what to collect for specific environmental conditions are clearly defined;Field measurements,remote sensing,and Geographic Information Systems(GIS)continue to be the primary methods for data collection and analysis.In conclusion,the land reclamation supervision system throughout the entire process in Wyoming delineates the rights and responsibilities of diverse stakeholders.The state regulations clearly provide detailed requirements of the content and frequency of the baseline data gathering before the beginning of mining.The Baseline data information included in a mining permit establishes a framework and schedule for reclamatio

关 键 词：土地复垦 基础信息调查 全程监管 怀俄明州 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]