土壤养分对‘富士’苹果品质的影响——基于3省6县苹果园调查  

Effects of soil nutrients on the quality of‘Fuji’apple:Based on a survey of apple orchards in 6 counties in 3 provinces

作　　者：李泰 卢士军 黄家章 孙君茂 LI Tai;LU Shijun;HUANG Jiazhang;SUN Junmao(Institute of Food and Nutrition Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第11期30-38,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2023ZK18)。

摘　　要：为探究不同土壤养分对‘富士’苹果品质的影响,以山东省、山西省和陕西省46个成龄果园的‘富士’苹果及土壤为材料,采集并测定7项‘富士’苹果品质指标和6项果园土壤养分因子指标,采用相关性分析、偏最小二乘法和多元线性回归等方法,筛选影响‘富士’苹果品质的最主要土壤养分因子,并建立土壤养分因子与‘富士’苹果品质回归方程。结果表明:1)土壤碱解氮含量与着色面积、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比呈显著正相关;有效磷含量与果实硬度和固酸比呈显著正相关;有效铁含量与着色面积、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和果形指数呈显著正相关;pH与着色面积、可溶性固形物和固酸比呈显著负相关,与可滴定酸含量呈极显著正相关。2)影响苹果品质的土壤养分因子(影响程度由大到小)分别为:单果质量,pH和有效钙;果形指数,有效铁和pH;着色面积,有效铁、pH和碱解氮;果实硬度,有效磷、速效钾和pH;可溶性固形物含量,有效铁、pH和碱解氮影响;可滴定酸含量,pH、有效铁和碱解氮;固酸比,pH、有效铁和碱解氮影响。在此基础上构建了‘富士’苹果品质回归方程,依据土壤养分因子回归系数可得出对果实品质的正负效应及影响程度。To study the effects of different soil nutrients on the quality of‘Fuji’apples,seven quality indicators of‘Fuji’apple and six indicators of soil nutrient factors in orchards were selected and measured by taking‘Fuji’apples and soils from 46 mature orchards in Shandong,Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces as study materials.The correlation analysis,partial least squares and multiple linear regression were used to screen the most important soil nutrient factors affecting the quality of‘Fuji’apples and establish a regression equation between soil nutrient factors and the quality of‘Fuji’apples.The results showed that:1)Soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen content was significantly and positively correlated with coloring area,soluble solids content and acid-fixing ratio;Effective phosphorus content was significantly and positively correlated with fruit firmness and acid-fixing ratio;effective iron content was significantly and positively correlated with coloring area,soluble solids content,acid-fixing ratio and fruit shape index;pH was significantly and negatively correlated with coloring area,soluble solids and acid-fixing ratio,and highly and significantly correlated with titratable acid content.significant positive correlation with titratable acid content.2)The soil nutrient factors affecting apple quality(in descending order of impact)are as follows:Single fruit quality,pH and available calcium;Fruit shape index,available iron and pH;Coloring area,available iron,pH and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen;Fruit firmness,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH;Soluble solid content,available iron,pH and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen;Titratable acid content,pH,available iron and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen;Effects of solid acid ratio,pH,available iron and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.On this basis,the regression equation of‘Fuji’apple quality was established,and the positive and negative effects on fruit quality and the degree of influence could be obtained according to the regression coefficient of soil nutrie

关 键 词：‘富士’苹果 果实品质 土壤养分 PH 偏最小二乘回归 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]