卷辊式耕层残膜回收机起膜装置的设计与试验研究  

Design and experimental study of film lifting device of roll type surface residual film recovery machine

作　　者：刘小鹏 史增录 姚洁婷 张学军 鄢金山 张朝书 刘蕾 LIU Xiaopeng;SHI Zenglu;YAO Jieting;ZHANG Xuejun;YAN Jinshan;ZHANG Chaoshu;LIU Lei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Urumqi 830052,China;Aksu Tiandi Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Aksu 843000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆阿克苏天地机械制造有限责任公司,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第11期196-208,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52105278);新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-10);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02038)。

摘　　要：针对新疆棉田耕层残膜与土壤及根茬混合粘结,造成耕层残膜回收拾净率低的问题,提出一种旋耕起抛膜土混合物,弹齿顺向旋转捡膜,逆向旋转卸膜的耕层残膜回收方法。对起膜装置关键作业部件进行设计与参数计算;开展起膜装置起抛性能试验,分析起膜装置对不同土层深度残膜的起抛性能;以机具前进速度和刀轴转速为试验因素,残膜起膜率与破碎度为评价指标,进行2因素3水平正交试验,运用Design-Expert 13.0软件对试验结果进行分析获得起膜装置的最佳工作参数组合,并进行田间验证试验。结果表明:基于滑切原理,起膜刀正切刃的磨刃角为25°,折弯角为73°,折弯半径为30 mm,侧切刃刀刃终点滑切角为58°;起膜装置对不同土层深度的残膜起抛高度不同,且能可靠地将其抛起到捡膜高度,对土层0~150 mm深度残膜的起膜率为92.3%;当机具前进速度为4.5 km/h、刀轴转速为213.75 r/min时,残膜起膜率为90.21%,残膜破碎度为6.03 mg/块,与理论优化值误差分别不超过1个百分点和1 mg/块。起膜装置对土层0~150 mm深度的残膜起膜效果明显,且破碎度在可进行机械化捡拾作业的范围内,满足作业要求。Aiming at the problem that the residual film on the tillage layer of cotton fields in Xinjiang is mixed and bonded with the soil and root stubble,resulting in a low recovery rate of the residual film on the tillage layer,a rotary tillage film-throwing soil mixture is proposed in this study.The elastic teeth of the new device rotate in the forward direction to pick up the film and rotates in the opposite direction to recover film residue from the plow layer after unloading.Parameter calculation of the key operating components of the film lifting device was performed.and a lifting and throwing performance test of the film lifting device was conducted to analyze the lifting and throwing performance of the film lifting device for residual film at different soil depths.The forward speed of the machine tool and rotation speed of the cutter shaft were taken as test factors.The film forming rate and breakage of the residual film were used as evaluation indicators.A 2-factor and 3-level orthogonal test was conducted.Design-Expert 13.0 software was used to analyze the test results to obtain the optimal working parameter combination of the film forming device,and a field verification test was conducted.The results show that:Based on the sliding cutting principle,the sharpening angle of the front cutting edge of film forming knife is 25°,the bending angle is 73°,the bending radius is 30 mm,and the end sliding cutting angle of the side cutting edge is 58°.The lifting height of the residual film in different soil depths is different,and it can be reliably thrown to the film picking height.The film lifting rate for the residual film in the soil layer 0-150 mm depth is 92.3%.When the forward speed of the machine is 4.5 km/h,the cutter shaft speed is 213.75 r/min,the residual film forming rate is 90.21%,and the residual film fragmentation is 6.03 mg per block.The error from the theoretical optimal value does not exceed 1 percentage point and 1 mg per block,respectively.The film forming device has an obvious film forming effect

关 键 词：耕层残膜 起膜装置 残膜回收机 性能试验 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]