贝螺综合养殖模式对养殖对象摄食、生长及存活的影响  

Effects of integrated aquaculture of bivalves and limpet Neptunea cumingii on predation,growth and survival of cultured organisms

作　　者：贺加贝 赵晓伟 杨陆飞 汲生磊 赵运星 赵强 HE Jiabei;ZHAO Xiaowei;YANG Lufei;JI Shenglei;ZHAO Yunxing;ZHAO Qiang(Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市海洋经济研究院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第5期788-796,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：山东省贝类产业技术体系烟台综合试验站(SDAIT-14-11);烟台市科技计划(2023YD088);烟台市科技创新发展计划重点项目(2023JCYJ099)。

摘　　要：为提升中国北方浅海贝类养殖效率,在室外池塘利用鲍鱼养殖笼开展了香螺(Neptunea cumingii)与5种贝类综合养殖模式探索,通过分析增重率、存活率和捕食率等参数,评估双壳贝类+香螺综合养殖模式下香螺对双壳贝类摄食的影响因素,以及养殖对象生长及存活状况;另外,基于DNA条形码技术,分析了自然状态下香螺胃含物的组成。结果表明:香螺(体质量为19.71 g±4.36 g)对不同规格双壳贝类捕食率均较低(0.00%~2.50%±5.78%),对同种贝类大、小规格捕食率无显著性差异;多种贝类混合,高、低密度香螺组均仅捕食海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians),且捕食率较低,分别为2.50%±6.83%和0.63%±2.50%,且与同组其他贝类捕食率间无显著性差异;低温条件下,香螺对双壳贝类捕食率偏高(4.64%±10.36%),且与高温条件下捕食率有显著性差异;与不同贝类开展综合养殖,香螺均未见死亡,月增重率范围为16.83%±2.76%~22.85%±5.34%,不同综合养殖模式下香螺增重率无显著性差异;高、低密度香螺与双壳贝类综合养殖,增重率分别为19.28%±0.62%和18.37%±1.79%,两组间无显著性差异;摄食状态香螺月增重率为21.12%±14.12%,但与未摄食状态香螺组增重率(18.73%±3.63%)无显著性差异;同种双壳贝类在综合养殖模式和单独养殖模式下,湿质量及存活率均无显著性差异;自然条件下,香螺食物组成复杂,囊括哺乳纲、有胚植物纲、辅鳍鱼纲和酵母纲等14纲多种来源;研究发现,双壳贝类+香螺的综合养殖模式中,双壳贝类活力是香螺摄食与否最重要的选择条件,双壳贝类规格及种类对香螺摄食选择优先度较低,这一特性使得贝螺综合养殖具备生态防病能力;综合养殖模式下,不摄食双壳贝类情况下,香螺生长能量来源可能主要为海洋沉积物及附着生物。研究表明,综合养殖模式对香螺和双壳贝类生长及存活均无明显影响,且香螺生长速度较快,具备�To improve the aquaculture benefits of shallow sea bivalves aquaculture industry in northern China,limpet(Neptunea cumingii)was polycultured with blood clam(Scapharca broughtonii),zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri),bay scallop(Argopecten irradians),Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and mussel(Mytilus galloprovincialis)with different sizes and limpet,blood clam,zhikong scallop,and bay scallop were monocultyred in abalone cages disposed in an outdoor pond at Muping county in Yantai,Shandong province,at water temperature from 4.8°C to 17.4°C and salinity from 30 to 31 from October to November to evaluate the effects of limpet predation on the bivalves and growth of the culture animals in the integrated aquaculture of limpet with bivalves.Meanwhile,the food item composition was analyzed in the stomach of limpet under natural conditions based on DNA barcode technology.The results showed that the limpet had very low predation rates of(0.00%-2.50%±5.78%)on bivalves with different sizes,with significant difference in predation rates on the same species of large and small bivalves.Only prey on bay scallop at polyculture of multiple species of bivalves was observed in high-density and low-density limpet groups,with very low predation rates of 2.50%±6.83%and 0.63%±2.50%,respectively,and without significant difference in predation rates compared to other bivalves in the same group.The predation rate of the limpet on bivalves was found to be relatively high(4.64%±10.36%)at low temperature,with significant difference compared to high temperature.The limpet had no death,and had weight gain rate ranging from 16.83%±2.76%to 22.85%±5.34%in the integrated aquaculture,without significant difference in weight gain rate in different modes.The limpet and bivalves had weight gain rates of 19.28%±0.62%in high density integrated modes and18.37%±1.79%in low density integrated modes,without significant difference between the two groups.There was 21.12%±14.12%of weight gain rate in the feeding group,without significant difference bet

关 键 词：香螺 双壳贝类 综合养殖 贝类养殖 贝螺混养 IMTA 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]