基于鲟鱼的仿生翼型设计及其绕流流动特性  

Biomimetic airfoil design and flow characteristics based on sturgeon

作　　者：卢金国 周冬冬 王希文 苏晓珍 张顺 LU Jinguo;ZHOU Dongdong;WANG Xiwen;SU Xiaozhen;ZHANG Shun(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Vehicle Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 210031,China;Hefei City College,Hefei 238076,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,南京210031 [2]合肥城市学院,合肥238076

出　　处：《哈尔滨商业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期688-697,共10页Journal of Harbin University of Commerce：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：横向课题—水泵水力设计和性能预测软件技术成果转化.

摘　　要：在水力机械叶片设计过程中,叶片的设计多采用基于空气动力学原理的NACA系列,由于流体的黏度和密度,其性能的保障难以实现.选取水生生物鲟鱼为研究对象,运用三维逆向的高精度扫描技术来获取仿生翼型几何特性,多次扫描的数据采用最小二乘法对进行拟合,建立了以鲟鱼几何外形为基础的仿生翼型,采用数值模拟对仿生翼型进行了验证和优化,比较分析其升阻特性、空化体积分数分布.结果表明,仿生翼型相对于NACA系列翼型具有更好的升阻特性,优化后的翼型能够有效减小翼型前缘的空化不稳定区域;仿生翼型前缘结构下调,能够减小前缘局部低压和回流区域,有效改善翼型绕流流动;与传统NACA0012翼型不同,最优仿生翼型方案下喷水推进泵的扬程提高了7.68%,效率提高了4.73%.研究结果可为水力机械叶片的优化设计提供参考.The series of airfoils developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics(NACA)were widely used to design hydraulic machinery.However,unfavorable flows,such as unstable eddy currents and cavitation turbulence,were likely to occur because of the influence of liquid,thus reducing hydraulic performance.This paper selected aquatic sturgeon as the research object of biomimetic wing shape,and used high-precision scanning technology with 3D reverse to obtain its geometric characteristics,and the physical model of novel bionic airfoil was then constructed.The lift-drag characteristics,eddy current,and cavitation flow of the bionic airfoil were studied numerically.Results showed that the lift-drag characteristics of the bionic airfoil were better than those of the NACA0012 airfoil.The bionic airfoil had a small cavitation instability area at the leading edge.The front edge of the airfoil formed two local low-speed zones.The local low-velocity region closed to the fluid flow direction and the re-entrant jet flow range decreased with the angle of the leading edge of the airfoil.The scheme of the downward leading edge had the smallest vortex,and the fluid flow was relatively stable.Different from traditional NACA0012 airfoils,the water-jet pump with a bionic hydrofoil had increased its head by 7.68%and increased its efficiency by 4.73%.The results could serve as a reference for the optimal design of hydraulic machinery blades.

关 键 词：仿生翼型 数值模拟 空化流动 流体流动 泵 水力性能 

分 类 号：U661.31[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]