新生儿气胸的病因及危险因素探讨  

Exploring the etiology and risk factors of neonatal pneumothorax

作　　者：牛桂花 白翠杨 王建辉 仇丽 郑启华 NIU Gui-hua;BAI Cui-yang;WANG Jian-hui(Department of Neonatology,Hongsibao District People's Hospital,Wuzhong 751999,China)

机构地区：[1]吴忠市红寺堡区人民医院新生儿科,751999 [2]晋江市安海医院,362261

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2024年第22期73-75,共3页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：目的 探讨新生儿气胸的病因及危险因素。方法 42例新生儿作为研究对象,根据是否合并气胸分为观察组(伴发气胸)和对照组(未发生气胸),每组21例。分析观察组新生儿气胸的病因;记录两组新生儿是否合并新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、湿肺与肺炎,分娩方式,是否足月,有无接受机械通气或窒息复苏治疗,体重以及性别;分析新生儿气胸的危险因素。结果 21例气胸患儿中,5例为自发性气胸,8例为病理性气胸,8例为医源性气胸。单因素分析显示,观察组新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率19.05%、湿肺发生率42.86%、剖宫产率66.67%、机械通气率52.38%、窒息复苏治疗率19.05%、肺炎发生率71.43%均高于对照组的0、4.76%、28.57%、4.76%、0、9.52%,足月率38.10%低于对照组的95.24%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将单因素分析中P<0.05的影响因素纳入多因素Logistic回归模型进行分析,结果显示:肺炎、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、机械通气以及剖宫产是气胸发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 造成新生儿气胸发生的病因主要分为3大类,分别为自发性、医源性、病理性。对存在肺炎、机械通气、剖宫产、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等危险因素的新生儿应提高注意,做好气胸发生的预防措施。Objective To explore the etiology and risk factors of neonatal pneumothorax.Methods A clinical study was conducted on 42 newborns,and they were grouped into an observation group(with pneumothorax) and a control group(without pneumothorax) based on whether they had pneumothorax,each consisting of 21 cases.The etiology of neonatal pneumothorax in observation group was analyzed;the status of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,wet lung and pneumonia,the mode of delivery,whether they were full-term,whether they received mechanical ventilation or asphyxia resuscitation,their weight,and their gender were recorded;the risk factors for neonatal pneumothorax were analyzed.Results Among 21 children with pneumothorax,5 cases were spontaneous pneumothorax,8 cases were pathological pneumothorax,and 8 cases were iatrogenic pneumothorax.Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,wet lung,cesarean section,mechanical ventilation,asphyxia resuscitation,and pneumonia were 19.05%,42.86%,66.67%,52.38%,19.05%,and 71.43% in the observation group,which were higher than 0,4.76%,28.57%,4.76%,0,and 9.52% in the control group;the full-term rate of 38.10% in the observation group was lower than 95.24% in the control group;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The factors with P<0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model for analysis,and the results showed that pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,mechanical ventilation,and cesarean section were risk factors for the development of pneumothorax(P<0.05).Conclusion The causes of neonatal pneumothorax can be mainly divided into three categories:spontaneous,iatrogenic,and pathological.Newborns with risk factors of pneumonia,mechanical ventilation,cesarean section,and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome should be paid more attention and be prepared for the development of pneumothorax.

关 键 词：新生儿 气胸 病因 危险因素 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]