黄柏河流域梯级水库微塑料污染特征及生态风险评估  

The characterstics and risk assessment of microplastics pollution in cascade reservoirs of the Huangbai River

作　　者：刘晓伟 李卫明[1,2] 严康 肖鸣[1,2] 李轩 王芳炜 李映成 高雅坤 丁爽 方子杰 李鸿 LIU Xiao-wei;LI Wei-ming;YAN Kang;XIAO Ming;LI Xuan;WANG Fang-wei;LI Ying-cheng;GAO Ya-kun;DING Shuang;FANG Zi-jie;LI Hong(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学,三峡水库生态系统湖北省野外科学观测站,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第12期6972-6983,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203902,2022YFC3203905);国家自然科学基金项目(51979149)。

摘　　要：为探究微塑料在梯级水库中的污染特征,以黄柏河东支4座梯级水库为研究对象,通过体视显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对微塑料的表观特征以及聚合物成分进行鉴定统计,采用污染风险指数、污染负荷指数与潜在生态风险指数对研究区域微塑料污染的生态风险进行评估.结果显示,表层水与沉积物中的微塑料丰度分布与特征组成均存在显著差异,表层水和沉积物中微塑料平均丰度分别为(2.30±0.63)n/L和(0.79±0.20)n/g,坝前区表层水微塑料丰度高于库中区,表明坝前可能是微塑料潜在富集区域,而沉积物微塑料高丰度点位集中在上游玄庙观水库,这与黄柏河治理前农业活动及生活垃圾污染有关,反映了沉积物中微塑料的长期积累.在所有微塑料颗粒中,聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)为主要聚合物类型,黑色和蓝色为主要颜色.在表层水中微塑料主要形状为纤维,而沉积物中则以碎片状微塑料为主.从粒径分布上看,小粒径微塑料(0~300μm)占主导地位,沉积物中小粒径微塑料比例(82.38%)远高于表层水(42.96%).污染风险指数结果表明,表层水和沉积物生态风险达到中等风险水平,污染负荷指数和潜在生态风险指数表明各点位微塑料污染状况处于轻微污染,生态风险等级为Ⅰ级.This study focused on four cascade reservoirs on the East Branch of the Huangbai River,utilizing a stereo microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to identify the apparent characteristics and polymer components of microplastics,and to explore the pollution characteristics of microplastics in cascade reservoirs.The pollution risk index,pollution load index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the ecological risk assessment of the microplastics pollution status in the study area.The results showed that notable variances in both the abundance distribution and apparent attributes of microplastics in surface water and sediment.The average abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediment was(2.30±0.63)n/L and(0.79±0.20)n/g.The abundance of microplastics in the surface water in the dam front area was higher than that in the middle area,which indicated that the dam front of the reservoir area may be a potential accumulation area for microplastics.The high abundance of microplastics in sediment concentrated in the upper reaches of the Xuanmiaoguan Reservoir,which was related to agricultural production and the pollution of domestic waste before the management of the Huangbai River,reflecting the long-term accumulation of microplastics in sediment.Polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene(PE) were the main polymer types,and black and blue were the main colors.The main shape of microplastics in surface water was fibers,while fragments were dominant in sediment.From the perspective of particle size distribution,microplastics with small particle size(0~300μm) were dominant,and the proportion of small-sized microplastics in sediment(82.38%) was much higher than that in surface water(42.96%).The results of the pollution risk index showed that the ecological risk level of surface water and sediment reached a medium level,while the pollution load index and the potential ecological risk index showed that the microplastics pollution status of each sampling point was slightly polluted,with an ecol

关 键 词：微塑料 梯级水库 表层水 沉积物 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]