不同冷却速率对铸铁显微组织演变的影响分析  

Analysis of the Influence of Different Cooling Rates on the Microstructure Evolution of Cast Iron

作　　者：高猛 Gao Meng(Jinan Pingyin Xinsen Co.,Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250400,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市平阴鑫森有限责任公司,山东济南250400

出　　处：《山西冶金》2024年第10期25-26,29,共3页Shanxi Metallurgy

摘　　要：以灰铸铁为研究对象,采用不同的冷却速率对其进行热处理,系统研究了冷却速率对铸铁基体组织、石墨形态及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速率的提高,铸铁基体组织由铁素体向珠光体转变,同时石墨形态由片状向球状转变,并逐渐细化。当冷却速率为10℃/min时,铸铁组织主要为铁素体和片状石墨;当冷却速率提高到50℃/min时,铸铁组织转变为珠光体和细小的球状石墨;当冷却速率进一步提高到100℃/min时,铸铁组织几乎全部为珠光体,石墨完全呈现为细小的球状。随着冷却速率的提高,铸铁的屈服强度、抗拉强度及硬度均显著提高,而延伸率和冲击韧度则逐渐降低。综上所述,通过改变铸铁的冷却速率可以有效调控其微观组织和力学性能,为铸铁材料的工程应用提供理论指导。Taking gray cast iron as the research object,different cooling rates were used for heat treatment,and the influence of cooling rate on the matrix structure,graphite morphology,and mechanical properties of cast iron was systematically studied.The results showed that with the increase of cooling rate,the microstructure of the cast iron matrix transformed from ferrite to pearlite,while the graphite morphology changed from flake to spherical and gradually refined.When the cooling rate is 10℃/min,the structure of cast iron is mainly composed of ferrite and flake graphite;When the cooling rate is increased to 50℃/min,the cast iron structure transforms into pearlite and fine spherical graphite.When the cooling rate is further increased to 100℃/min,the cast iron structure is almost entirely pearlite,and graphite appears completely as small spherical shapes.With the increase of cooling rate,the yield strength,tensile strength,and hardness of cast iron are significantly improved,while the elongation and impact toughness gradually decrease.In summary,changing the cooling rate of cast iron can effectively regulate its microstructure and mechanical properties,providing theoretical guidance for the engineering application of cast iron materials.

关 键 词：灰铸铁 冷却速率 微观组织 石墨形态 力学性能 

分 类 号：TF593.4[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]