数字金融深度与相对贫困——基于家庭数据的实证分析  

Digital Finance Deepening and Relative Poverty:An Empirical Analysis Based on Household Data

作　　者：张红 郑凯轩 汪晨 顾乃华 Zhang Hong;Zheng Kaixuan;Wang Chen;Gu Naihua(Institute of Industrial Economics,Jinan University;Institute of Finance and Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学产业经济研究院 [2]上海财经大学财经研究所

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第6期173-196,共24页Economic Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字化影响内部劳动力市场组织结构的机理、效应与福利分析”(项目编号:72273050)、“中国扶贫战略转型下的收入相对贫困:贫困估算,致贫动因或机制以及减贫对策分析”(项目编号:72073091);中央高校基本科研业务费“数字普惠金融与乡村振兴”(项目编号:23JNQMX02)的资助。

摘　　要：随着中国式现代化进程的推进,中国致力于实现全体人民共同富裕,打破西方现代化模式中少数人富裕、多数人相对贫困的两极分化,建立常态化防止返贫致贫机制。在此背景下,本文采用家庭数据来探究数字金融深度对家庭相对贫困的影响,并结合家庭具体情况打开数字金融深度指数“黑箱”,以深入分析其具体作用路径。研究发现:首先,数字金融深度能够显著减少家庭的相对贫困状况并促进共同富裕,且该影响在经工具变量解决内生性问题后依然稳健。其次,数字金融深度通过缓解家庭预算约束进而改变家庭就业与生产决策、增加家庭风险承担能力来减少相对贫困。最后,进一步分析发现,数字金融深度对城镇和农村的家庭影响路径不同但影响程度相似,且对低教育水平的家庭影响程度最大。不仅如此,不同数字金融产品对相对贫困的影响也存在显著差异。本文研究为数字金融深度解决相对贫困提供了实证证据,同时也为中国共同富裕与乡村振兴过程中数字普惠金融的深度发展和安全发展贡献了事实依据与政策建议。With the advancement of Chinese modernization,China is committed to achieving common prosperity for all its people,breaking the polarization of the mode of Western moderniza⁃tion in which a few are rich and the majority are relatively poor,and establishing a sustainable mechanism to prevent returning to poverty.In this context,this paper employs household data to examine the impact of digital financial deepening on household relative poverty while integrating specific household characteristics with an analysis of the underlying mechanisms.The findings are as follows.First,digital financial deepening significantly alleviates household relative poverty and contributes to common prosperity.This effect remains robust even after addressing endogene⁃ity concerns through instrumental variables.Second,digital financial deepening mitigates house⁃hold budget constraints to influence employment and production decisions within households and enhance their capacity for risk resilience,thereby reducing relative poverty.Further analysis re⁃veals that the effects of digital financial deepening on urban and rural families are comparable,but more pronounced among low⁃educated households.Moreover,the influence of diverse digital financial products on relative poverty demonstrates considerable variation.This study provides empirical evidence underscoring the role of digital financial deepening in fostering common pros⁃perity while offering substantive foundations and policy recommendations for advancing safe de⁃velopment in digital inclusive finance amid China's pursuit of common prosperity and rural revi⁃talization.

关 键 词：数字金融深度 相对贫困 风险承担能力 预算约束 

分 类 号：F061[经济管理—政治经济学]