论1949年《共同纲领》实施机制  

On the Mechanism for the Implementation of the Common Program 1949

作　　者：韩大元[1] HAN Dayuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第6期59-66,共8页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：1949年《共同纲领》作为中华人民共和国的“建国纲领”,为中华人民共和国的成立提供了合法性依据和正当性基础,发挥了临时宪法作用。为了保证实施《共同纲领》,建立中华人民共和国法秩序统一机制,根据《共同纲领》制定的《中央人民政府组织法》明确了中央人民政府作为行使国家政权的最高机关,有权监督法律、法令以及施政方针的实施,由此形成了中华人民共和国成立初期的宪法实施机制。因此,中华人民共和国宪法实施监督制度的形成,应追溯到《共同纲领》,不能仅以“五四宪法”作为起点。在健全保证宪法全面实施制度的今天,回顾《共同纲领》起草以及实施过程中形成的宪法实施相关问题的讨论,有助于我们加深对宪法监督历史脉络的认识,不断完善我国宪法全面实施制度。The Common Program 1949,as the“program for the founding of the People's Republic of China,”provided the basis for the legality and legitimacy of the founding of the People's Republic of China and played the role of an interim constitution.In order to ensure the implementation of the Common Program and establish a mechanism for the unification of the legal order in PRC,the“Organic Law of the Central People's Government”formulated in accordance with the“Common Program”clearly states that the Central People's Government,as the highest organ exercising state power,has the right to supervise the implementation of laws,decrees,and policies,thus forming the mechanism for implementing the Constitution in the early days of the founding of PRC.Therefore,the formation of the supervision system for the implementation of the PRc's Constitution should be traced back to the“Common Program”,rather than solely taking the Constitution of 1954 as its starting point.Today,when we are improving the system for ensuring the full implementation of the Constitution,reviewing the discussion on constitutional implementation issues that arouse during the drafting and implementation of the Common Program will help deepen our understanding of the historical context of constitutional supervision,thereby continuously enhancing the system for the comprehensive implementation of the China's Constitution.

关 键 词：共同纲领 临时宪法 宪法实施 宪法监督 法律体系 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]