四部,还是一部?——我国宪法承继关系的理论重述  

Four Constitutions or One:A Theoretical Restatement of PRC Constitution's Succession Relationship

作　　者：张翔[1] ZHANG Xiang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第6期67-83,共17页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理现代化背景下保证宪法全面实施制度体系研究”(批准号:23ZDA074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国的“四部宪法”之说,根源于制宪修宪同一的观念。在引入制宪权与修宪权严格区分的学说后,我国学者展开了对《共同纲领》是否是制宪、“全面修改”究竟是修宪还是制宪等问题的反思。“全面修改”中蕴含着“宪法废止”,但不影响制宪权主体和人民共和国的延续性。“1982年宪法以1954年宪法为基础”的表述在建构宪法延续性的同时,体现着对宪法的正当性的追问;对于1982年宪法“长期稳定”的期待,指向宪法规范力的建构。部分修改特别是宪法修正案的修改方式的采用,反映了“尊崇宪法的意志”,同时取消了宪法再全面修改的可能性。宪法史的重述、新时代的宪法实践和宪法学术,都指向中国现代化所必然要求的宪法的规范力。The saying of“four constitutions”in China is rooted in the confusion of the concepts of constitutionmaking and constitution-amending.After the introduction of the doctrine of strict distinction between the constituent power and constitutional amendment authority,Chinese scholars have started the reflection on the questions of whether the establishment of Common Program is a constitution-making,and whether the“comprehensive revision”is a constitutional amendment or a constitutional making.The“comprehensive revision”implies the“abrogation of the Constitution,”but it does not affect the continuity of the constitutional authority and the People's Republic.The expression of“the 1982 Constitution is based on the 1954 Constitution”,while constructing a sense of the continuity in the Constitution,embodies the inquiry into the legitimacy of the Constitution.The expectation of“long-term stability”of the 1982 Constitution points to the construction of the normative force of the Constitution.The adoption of specific methods for amendments,especially amendments to the Constitution,reflects“the will to honor the Constitution”,while eliminating the possibility of another comprehensive revision of the Constitution.The restatement of constitutional history,the practice of the Constitution in the new era,and the constitutional law scholarship all point to the normative force of the constitution that Chinese path to modernization inevitably requires.

关 键 词：制宪权 修宪权 宪法废止 宪法的规范力 宪法史 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]