人民代表大会制的创生:从共同纲领到五四宪法  

The Establishment of the People's Congress System:From the Common Program to the Constitution of 1954

作　　者：翟志勇[1] ZHAI Zhiyong

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第6期84-100,共17页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：张翔教授主持的研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理现代化背景下保证宪法全面实施制度体系研究”(批准号:23ZDA074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人民代表大会制是在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议筹备和召开过程中逐步构造出来的,《共同纲领》勾划了未来的人民代表大会制,《中央人民政府组织法》建立了过渡时期的“人民代表大会制的政府”,在这个过程中“民主集中制”吸纳了“议行合一”原则。五四宪法发展了《共同纲领》中的人民代表大会制,在地方国家机构上延续了“议行合一”原则,但在中央国家机构上引入了“合理分工”,并创设了独特的国家主席,从而使得人民代表大会制呈现为多重复合结构,民主集中制原则也因此被彻底抽象化。它们共同表达了人民代表大会的本质:人民代表大会制是人民“统一和集中行使国家的权力”的制度。The system of the People's Congress was gradually constructed during the preparation and convening of the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The Common Program of the CPPCC outlined the future structure of the People's Congress system,while the“Organic Law of the Central People's Government”established a transitional“government under the People's Congress system.”During this process,the principle of“democratic centralism”absorbed the idea of“integration of legislative and executive powers.”The 1954 Constitution further developed the People's Congress system,continuing the principle of“integration of legislative and executive powers”at the local level,but introducingg“reasonable division of powers”at the central level.Additionally,it created the unique position of State Chairman(President),resulting in a complex multilayered structure.Consequently,the principle of democratic centralism became abstracted.Together,these elements reflect the essence of the People's Congress system:a system where the people“unify and centralize the exercise of state power”.

关 键 词：人民代表大会 共同纲领 五四宪法 民主集中制 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]