饲粮中添加益生菌和酸制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Dietary Probiotics and Acid Preparations on Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora of Weaned Piglets

作　　者：魏海波 刘迎春[1] 孙曙光 刘锡武[1] 祝贵华[1] 戴正浩[1] 刘宗正[1] 文凤云[2] WEI Haibo;LIU Yingchun;SUN Shuguang;LIU Xiwu;ZHU Guihua;DAI Zhenghao;LIU Zongzheng;WEN Fengyun(Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation(Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute),Qingdao 266000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市畜牧工作站(青岛市畜牧兽医研究所),青岛266000 [2]河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第12期5302-5316,共15页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：里岔黑猪健康养殖技术集成及示范项目(21-1-4-ny-10-nsh);2024年青岛市农业基础科研能力提升专项项目(青农财[2024]1号);宜居宜业和美乡村关键技术集成与示范项目(2023TZXD020)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究饲粮中添加益生菌和酸制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。【方法】选取同批次、健康状况良好、体重相近的健康断奶仔猪120头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头。A组为对照组,正常饲喂基础饲粮;B组在基础饲粮基础上添加酸制剂1 g/kg;C组在基础饲粮基础上添加益生菌2 g/kg,试验周期30 d。【结果】①与A组相比,B、C组仔猪末重、平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均极显著提高(P<0.01),C组仔猪料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。②基于16S rDNA测序分析肠道菌群多样性分析显示,Alpha多样性在3组间差异不显著,但Beta多样性中,A组仔猪肠道微生物群落结构与B、C组间存在显著差异。在粪便微生物组成上,3组仔猪肠道优势菌门主要是厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,各组不同菌门之间的相对丰度有不同的变化趋势,其中与A组相比,B组仔猪肠道拟杆菌门的相对丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),而B和C组螺旋体菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。与A组相比,B、C组仔猪肠道普雷沃菌属的相对丰度显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),而密螺旋体属和SMB53菌属的相对丰度显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01)。C组仔猪肠道栖粪杆菌属和罗斯拜瑞氏菌属的相对丰度相较于A组显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),而B组仔猪肠道颤螺菌属的相对丰度相较于A组显著降低(P<0.05)。③组间菌群KEGG代谢通路功能分析显示,与A组相比,B、C组中视黄醇代谢(ko00830)、泛醌和其他萜类-醌生物合成(ko00130)通路显著上调(P<0.05),C组中甲苯降解(ko00623)和鞘脂代谢(ko00600)也出现极显著上调(P<0.01)。与B组相比,C组氯代烷烃与氯代烯烃降解(ko00625)出现显著上调(P<0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加2 g/kg益生菌或1 g/kg酸制剂均能提高断奶仔猪生长性能,可能与添加益生菌和酸化剂调节肠道菌群密切相关,其中添加益生菌的效果优于添加酸制�【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of adding probiotics and acid preparations to diets on growth performance and intestinal flora of weaned piglets.【Method】120 healthy weaned piglets from the same batch,with good health and of similar weight were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates of 8 piglets each.The piglets in control group(group A)were fed with basic feed normally.The piglets in groups B and C were fed with basic diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of acid preparation and 2 g/kg of probiotics,respectively.The experimental period was 30 d.【Result】①Compared with group A,the final weight,average daily feed intake(ADFI)and average daily gain(ADG)of piglets in groups B and C were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of piglets in group C was significantly reduced(P<0.05).②The analysis of intestinal flora diversity based on 16S rDNA sequencing showed that there was no significant difference among the three groups in Alpha diversity,but in Beta diversity,there was significant difference in gut microbiota structure of piglets between group A and groups B and C.In faecal microbial composition,the dominant phyla in the three groups were mainly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,and the relative abundance of different phyla in each group showed different trends,with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes being extremely significantly higher in group B compared to group A(P<0.01)and that of Spirochaetes was significantly lower in groups B and C compared to group A(P<0.05).Compared to group A,the relative abundance of Prevotella was found to be significantly or extremely significantly higher in groups B and C(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Treponema and SMB53 was significantly or extremely significantly lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Roseburia was found to be significantly or extremely significantly higher in group C compared to group A(P<0.05 or P<0.01),whereas the r

关 键 词：断奶仔猪 益生菌 酸制剂 生长性能 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S828.5[农业科学—畜牧学]