行星采样返回返向污染风险分析及防控方案设计  

Research on Integral Technology of Reverse Pollution Prevention and Control for Planetary Sample Return Mission

作　　者：孙威[1] 张倍铭 叶建设[1] SUN Wei;ZHANG Beiming;YE Jianshe(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《深空探测学报（中英文）》2024年第5期505-512,共8页Journal Of Deep Space Exploration

摘　　要：国际上关于行星采样返回任务素有返向污染防控要求,其中返回器的搜索回收处置阶段是实现返向污染防控的重要一环。从保护地球生物圈和科学研究的严谨性出发,基于航天器飞行阶段、任务执行情况,分析了行星采样返回过程中的污染风险,发现正常返回或出现异常情况均存在生物安全风险。基础上述原因首次提出了航天器的搜索、回收、现场处置和转运移交过程的污染防控方案;创新设计了以无人化、智能化为突出特征的搜索回收流程和装备,实现着陆场区返回器的地面安全处置,保证处置回收过程中航天器对地球环境不造成污染,和航天器携带的样本不受污染。为未来中国行星采样返回任务返向污染防控提供了技术支撑。Currently,there are international requirements for the prevention and control of return pollution in planetary sampling and return missions,among which the search,recycling,and disposal stage of the return device is an important part of achieving return pollution prevention and control.Starting from protecting the Earth’s biosphere and the rigor of scientific research,this paper analyzed the pollution risks during the planetary sampling and return process based on the flight phase and task execution of spacecraft.It is found that there are biosafety risks in both normal return and abnormal situations.Therefore,a pollution prevention and control plan for the search,recycling,on-site disposal,and transfer process of spacecraft was proposed for the first time.Innovative design of search and recycling processes and equipment with unmanned and intelligent features has been made to achieve ground safety disposal of landers in the landing area,ensuring that the spacecraft does not cause pollution to the Earth’s environment during the disposal and recycling process,and that the samples carried by the spacecraft are not contaminated,This paper provides technical support for future planetary sampling and return missions in China to prevent and control pollution.

关 键 词：行星保护 采样返回 污染防控 隔离密封 

分 类 号：V4[航空宇航科学技术]