阿尔金山山脉东段雪豹活动节律和空间分布  

Activity patterns and spatial distribution of snow leopard(Panthera uncia)in eastern Altun Mountains

作　　者：王天晖 马永胜 吴昊 贺孜尔汗·萨塔尔 胡阿提·哈比亚西 高帅帅 张宇 李佳 WANG Tianhui;MA Yongsheng;WU Hao;HEZIERHAN Sataer;HUATI Habiyaxi;GAO Shuaishuai;ZHANG Yu;LI Jia(Gansu An’nanba Wild Camel National Nature Reserve,Akesai 736400,China;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区管护中心,阿克塞736400 [2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第6期729-737,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金国家级自然保护区项目“安南坝地区豺食性分析和栖息地选择研究”(2023kj50);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目资助(2021xjkk1200);国家自然科学基金(32201430)。

摘　　要：了解阿尔金山山脉东段雪豹(Panthera uncia)的活动节律和空间分布,为雪豹有效保护提供科学依据。2021年5月至2023年1月,利用59台红外相机在阿尔金山山脉东段开展雪豹旱季和雨季活动节律调查,利用占域模型分析雪豹空间分布及影响因素。结果表明:(1)红外相机累计工作37760个相机日,共在28个点位监测到雪豹活动,获得545张独立有效照片。(2)在旱季拍摄到472张雪豹独立有效照片,明显高于雨季(73张);11月拍摄最多(105张)。(3)雪豹在旱季呈现明显的晨昏时段活动,活动高峰出现在09:00和19:00左右,傍晚活动高于清晨;在雨季日活动节律主要表现为夜间偏晨昏,活动高峰出现在08:00和22:00左右。(4)阿尔金山东段雪豹的平均占域率(ψ)为0.699±0.07,平均探测率(Pr)为0.083±0.005。海拔(Dem)对雪豹占域率有正向影响(β=2.272±2.779),降水量(Pre)对其占域率有负向影响(β=-0.331±0.779)。本研究初步填补了阿尔金山山脉雪豹的野外生态研究空缺,为后续雪豹生态学的深入研究及保护提供基础信息和科学支持。As the apex predator of plateau ecosystems in Central Asia and the Qinghai−Xizang Plateau,the snow leopard(Panthera uncia)plays an essential role in maintaining ecosystem stability.However,the secretive nature of this rare species,and the inaccessibility and harshness of the areas have limited the availability of research data,and thus resulted in scattered and slow progress in the ecology and conservation research on this species.Understanding snow leopard activity patterns and spatial distribution is vital for the development of effective conservation.In this study,we used camera trapping to survey activity patterns of snow leopard during dry and rainy season in eastern Altun Mountains,China,and used occupancy models to document the spatial distribution and influence factors,from May 2021 to January 2023.We obtained 545 independent detections of snow leopard during a total camera trapping effort of 37760 effective camera trap days at 59 sites.The number of independent detections of snow leopard activity captured by infrared cameras in the dry season were significantly higher than in the rainy season,and detections were highest in November.During the dry season,snow leopards showed mainly crepuscular activity patterns,and the activity peaks were around 09:00 and 19:00,with activity intensity higher in dusk than dawn.The species showed nocturnal to crepuscular activity patterns during the rainy season;the activity peaks were around 08:00 and 22:00.The average occupancy rate(ψ)estimated was 0.699±0.07 and average detection probability(Pr)was 0.083±0.005.Occupancy models reveal that snow leopard is positively(β=2.272±2.779)associated with elevation and negatively(β=-0.331±0.779)associated with precipitation.Our study filled the gaps in field ecological research of snow leopard in Altun Mountains,provided basic information for further in-depth ecology research of species,and supported scientific conservation planning.

关 键 词：雪豹 红外相机技术 占域模型 活动强度 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]