全球野生猫科动物遗传多样性比较及其空间分布格局  

Research on genetic diversity and global distribution pattern of feline species

作　　者：吕泽龙 李可欣 胡义波[1,2] Lü Zelong;LI Kexin;HU Yibo(Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]上海科技大学,上海201210

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第6期795-803,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304800)。

摘　　要：猫科动物对生态系统平衡起着重要作用,但由于人类活动、栖息地破碎化等因素影响,野生猫科动物的种群数量显著下降,其遗传多样性也随之下降。为了评估和比较不同野生猫科物种的遗传演化潜力,本研究收集了基于线粒体D-loop、CYTB以及核微卫星3种常用分子标记的野生猫科物种种群遗传多样性数据,并结合野生猫科物种分布数据,绘制相应的遗传多样性分布格局图。结果显示,在40种野生猫科动物中,仅有19种开展了种群水平的遗传多样性相关研究,其中使用D-loop、CYTB和微卫星标记评估的分别有3种、10种和17种。伊比利亚猞猁(Lynx pardinus)基于CYTB和微卫星的种群遗传多样性最低,南美草原猫(Leopardus pajeros)和豹(Panthera pardus)基于CYTB和微卫星的种群遗传多样性最高。空间分布格局显示,南美洲中南部、非洲东南部、印度半岛等地的野生猫科动物具有较高遗传多样性;北美洲北部以及中国西北地区的猫科动物遗传多样性较低。此外,研究显示基于CYTB和微卫星的种群遗传多样性与物种多样性呈正相关关系。本研究系统评估了全球野生猫科动物遗传多样性水平及其空间分布格局,为野生猫科动物的遗传多样性保护提供了重要的科学依据。Felids play a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem balance.Due to the impacts of the factors including human activities and habitat fragmentation,the population sizes of wild feline species significantly decreased and their genetic diversity has rapidly been lost.To explore and compare the genetic evolutionary potential of different wild feline species,this study collected the published data of population genetic diversity based on three genetic markers–D-loop,CYTB and microsatellites and evaluated the genetic diversity levels of feline species.Combining with the feline geographical distribution data,we analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of feline genetic diversity.The results showed that 19 species had population-level genetic diversity data among 40 wild feline species.Specifically,17 species were studied based on microsatellite marker,10 species based on CYTB marker,and 3 species based on D-loop marker.Iberian lynx has the lowest population genetic diversity,and pampas cat and leopard have the highest population genetic diversity.Furthermore,wild feline species in middle and southern South America,southern and eastern Africa,and Indian peninsula have higher genetic diversity,while wild feline species in northern North America and northwestern China have lower genetic diversity.In addition,the results also demonstrated that the population genetic diversity based on CYTB and microsatellite is positively correlated with the species diversity.This study evaluated the population genetic diversity levels and the spatial pattern in feline species,which provides scientific guidance for genetic diversity conservation.

关 键 词：遗传多样性 CYTB D-LOOP 微卫星 空间分布格局 猫科 荟萃分析 

分 类 号：Q347[生物学—遗传学]