四川省豺的历史与当前分布状况初探  

A preliminary study of the historical and current distribution of dhole(Cuon alpinus)in Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘轲 吉晟男 官天培 李晟[1] LIU Ke;JI Shengnan;GUAN Tianpei;LI Sheng(School of Life Sciences&Institute of Ecology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Biodiversity Research Center,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,生态研究中心,北京100871 [2]中国环境科学研究院生物多样性研究中心,北京100012 [3]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610225

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第6期804-814,共11页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301500);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测与评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：豺(Cuon alpinus)历史上广泛分布于东亚、南亚以及中亚地区,是其所在生态系统中的顶级捕食者(apex predator),在维持生态系统结构完整和功能稳定中具有重要的作用(Ripple et al.,2014;Kamler,2015)。目前,豺是全球最濒危的犬科动物之一。据估计,豺在全球的分布范围已经缩减了82.4%(Wolf and Ripple,2017),目前种群总数仅为4500~10500只(Kamleretal.,2015)。Dhole(Cuon alpinus)was once widely distributed in most provinces of China and played an important role in various ecosystems as an apex predator.However,over the past few decades,both the distribution range and population of dholes in China have experienced dramatic decline.In order to investigate the historical and current distribution of dholes in Sichuan,a former important distribution province,we identified and mapped the county-level units where dholes occurred in the 1980s(historical distribution),and identified the protected areas where they are detected in camera-trapping surveys over the past 20 years(current distribution).The results showed that there were 59 county-level administrative units with dhole distribution in the 1980s,accounting for 32.2%of the total number of county-level units and 59.1%of the total area of the province,mainly concentrated in the plateaus in the west and northwest of Sichuan,as well as the mountainous areas in western,northern and northeastern Sichuan Basin.For the current distribution,we retrieved a total of 174 academic papers on camera-trapping surveys and monitoring conducted within Sichuan,involving 45 county-level administrative regions and 42 nature reserves.Dholes were only recorded in three nature reserves during the last two decades:Heishuihe(Dayi County,2011),Wolong(Wenchuan County,2015)and Zhubalong(Batang County,2019).In addition to these three protected areas,a total of 31 protected areas(covering 30 counties)have accumulated extensive camera-trapping sampling efforts(>4000 camera-days)but with no detection of dholes.These results provide us preliminary information on the potential historical and current distribution of dholes within Sichuan Province,which will serve as a foundational reference for future field studies and conservation efforts dedicated to this endangered species.

关 键 词：豺 大型食肉动物 顶级捕食者 四川 红外相机 物种分布图 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]