不同放牧管理下祁连山区冬季牧场植被-土壤协同耦合效应评价  

Evaluation of vegetation-soil synergistic coupling in winter rangeland of the Qilian Mountains under different winter grazing management systems

作　　者：于泽航 俞旸[1,2,3] 曹铨 刘玉祯 冯斌 张小芳 董全民 YU Ze-hang;YU Yang;CAO Quan;LIU Yu-zhen;FENG Bin;ZHANG Xiao-fang;DONG Quan-min(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source,Ministry of Education,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期1-12,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：基于飞地经济的时空耦合型生态畜牧业技术研发和模式创新(2022-NK-134)资助。

摘　　要：植被-土壤系统的协同耦合度是衡量草地生态系统一致性和协调度的综合评价指标,是实现对草地量化管理的重要标志。以青海省祁连县野牛沟乡为研究区域,以冬季完全放牧、冬季放牧+补饲、冬季围封(不放牧)等3种不同放牧管理的植被-土壤系统为研究对象,通过构建植被因子与土壤因子组成的评价体系,采用熵权法确定各指标权重,获取协同耦合度模型,用于评价植被-土壤系统的协调关系。结果表明:不同放牧管理下植被群落Shannon-Wiener指数和Patrick丰富度指数存在显著差异,放牧+补饲草地的植被系统评分最高,完全放牧草地评分最低。不同放牧管理的土壤全碳、全氮、全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾、速效磷含量均存在显著差异,围封草地的土壤系统评分最高,完全放牧草地评分最低。不同放牧管理下协同耦合度依次为围封(0.510)>放牧+补饲(0.482)>完全放牧(0.397),其中围封草地属于勉强协调土壤滞后发展型,放牧+补饲草地属于濒临失调土壤滞后发展型,完全放牧草地属于轻度失调同步衰退发展型。综上,祁连山区冬季围封草地更有利于生态系统的健康稳定,但未达到最佳协调模式。The degree of synergistic coupling of the vegetation-soil system serves as a comprehensive evaluation index to measure the complementarity and integration of grassland ecosystem components,and is an important tool in implementing the quantitative management of grassland.This study was conducted in Yeniugou Township,Qilian County,Qinghai Province,and three different grazing management systems were compared:all feed from grazing in winter,winter grazing+supplemental feeding,and winter enclosure(no grazing).We constructed an evaluation system composed of vegetation factors and soil factors,and used the entropy power method to determine the weight of each index,and formulated a model to score the degree of synergistic coupling of the vegetation-soil system.It was found that there were significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener index and Patrick richness index of vegetation communities under the different grazing managements,and the grassland in the grazing+supplementary forage winter feeding system had the highest score,while that where grazed grassland comprised the total feed supply had the lowest score.There were significant differences in the contents of soil total carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,and available phosphorus with different grazing management,and the highest soil system score was found in the grassland with no winter grazing,and the lowest in the grazed grassland with no feed supplementation.The score for the degree of synergistic coupling under the different grazing management systems ranked:enclosure(0.510)>grazing+supplementary feeding(0.482)>all feed from grazing(0.397).For the above three winter grazing systems,the grassland ecosystem could be categorized,respectively,as‘barely coordinated vegetation-soil system lacking development’,‘bordering on disordered vegetation-soil coordination lacking development’,and‘mildly disordered vegetation-soil coordination with development recession’.In conclusion,winter enclosure of ani

关 键 词：祁连山 放牧管理 植被-土壤系统 协同耦合效应 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]