光伏电站建设对植物群落与土壤特征的影响  

Effects of photovoltaic power station construction on plant community and soil characteristics

作　　者：鲍平安 季波[1,2] 孙果 张娜 吴旭东 何建龙 王占军[1,2] 田英 BAO Ping-an;JI Bo;SUN Guo;ZHANG Na;WU Xu-dong;HE Jian-long;WANG Zhan-jun;TIAN Ying(Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Sand Control and Soil and Water Conservation,Yinchuan 750002,China;Yanchi County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Wuzhong 751599,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Grassland Workstation,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]盐池县林业和草原局,宁夏吴忠751599 [4]宁夏回族自治区草原工作站,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期23-33,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划(2023BCF01019);2022年自治区青年拔尖人才培养项目资助。

摘　　要：为探究光伏电站建设对荒漠草原植被和土壤的影响,本研究以宁夏境内2个建成后植被恢复时间分别为1和2年的光伏电站为对象,设置光伏板间(BJ)、光伏板下(BX)和光伏电站外(对照,CK)3个处理进行植被调查和土壤采样,比较不同处理下植物群落与土壤理化特征的差异,并分析二者之间的关系。研究结果显示,植被恢复1年,植物群落盖度、地上生物量和多样性指数均为对照样地最高;土壤有机质、全磷、全钾和有效磷含量均为光伏电站区显著高于光伏电站外对照样地;植被恢复2年,植物群落物种多样性指数、土壤全钾、碱解氮和速效钾含量显著高于CK。植物群落盖度和地上生物量与土壤pH呈正相关,与土壤电导率、有机质、碱解氮含量呈负相关,Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤电导率、有机质和碱解氮含量呈正相关。土壤pH值和有机质含量是影响植物群落特征最主要的因子。研究结果表明,光伏电站建设对植被群落及土壤理化特征产生影响,电站建设过程中对生态的破坏可在一定程度上得以恢复。This research investigated the impact of photovoltaic(PV)power station construction on vegetation and soil in a desert steppe.Two PV power stations in Ningxia with a post-construction vegetation recovery time of one and two years were selected for study and data were collected for three categories of site:between PV panels(BJ),under PV panels(BX),and outside the PV power station(control,CK).Vegetation surveys were conducted and soil sampling carried out,and the plant community characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties were compared under the different treatments and their relationships analysed.The results revealed that the vegetation cover,aboveground biomass and diversity index were the highest in the CK plot after one year of vegetation restoration.The contents of soil organic matter(SOM),soil total phosphorus and potassium(TP and TK)and soil available phosphorus(AP)in the photovoltaic power station area were significantly higher than those in the control area outside the photovoltaic power station.After 2 years of vegetation restoration,plant community species diversity indices,TK,available nitrogen(AN)and AP were significantly higher for both BJ and BX sites than for CK site.Plant community cover and aboveground biomass were positively correlated with pH,and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity(EC),SOM and AN.Shannon-Wiener index was positively correlated with EC,SOM and AN.Soil pH and SOM content are the most important factors affecting the characteristics of plant communities in this study.The results show that the construction of a photovoltaic power station has a negative impact on the vegetation community and soil physical and chemical characteristics,but that subsequently there is at least partial recovery from the ecological damage resulting from power station construction.

关 键 词：光伏电板 植物群落特征 土壤理化性质 宁夏荒漠草原 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]