基于宏基因组分析玉米连作对土壤微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of maize continuous cropping on soil microbial community structure based on metagenomic analysis

作　　者：张晨阳 金梦军 许永锋 杨成德 ZHANG Chen-yang;JIN Meng-jun;XU Yong-feng;YANG Cheng-de(Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province,College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Zhangye Station of Plant Protection and Quarantine,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省张掖市植保植检站,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期160-174,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31660148)资助。

摘　　要：为深入分析玉米连作对土壤微生物的影响,分别采集张掖市甘州区5、10、15、20、21年以上和临泽县10、15、20、21年以上的土样进行宏基因组分析。结果表明:随着连作年限的增长,两个地区的土壤细菌丰富度先升高后下降,多样性持续降低,其中甘州区的优势门变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度先升高后下降,且在连作20年时显著降低(P<0.05),临泽县的酸杆菌门相对丰度持续下降,且在连作20年时较10年显著降低(P<0.05);随着连作年限的增长,真菌丰富度和多样性持续升高,其中甘州区的炭疽菌属和镰刀菌属真菌相对丰度在连作15和20年时显著增加(P<0.05),临泽县的镰刀菌属真菌在连作15和21年以上时上下波动。Beta多样性分析发现,不同连作年限之间,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构均差异明显;甘州区的土壤样品中代谢途径、微生物代谢、碳代谢和丙酮酸代谢功能在连作10年时相较于连作5年显著降低(P<0.05),临泽县的代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成和丙酮酸代谢功能在连作20年时相较于连作10年显著增加(P<0.05),而双组件系统功能在连作20年时相较于连作10年显著降低(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,连作影响土壤微生物多样性、群落结构及土壤代谢类型,且甘州区的变形菌门、放线菌门相对丰度的降低,炭疽菌属、镰刀菌属真菌的增加,临泽县的酸杆菌门相对丰度的降低以及镰刀菌属真菌的波动可能是玉米连作障碍的表现之一。The aim of this study was to explore the effects of maize(Zea mays)continuous cropping on soil microorganisms.Soil samples were collected from the Ganzhou District of Zhangye City from fields continuously used to cultivate maize for 5,10,15,20,and more than 21 years,and from Linze County from fields continuously used to cultivate maize for 10,15,20 and more than 21 years.The soil samples were subjected to metagenomic analyses.The results showed that the soil bacterial abundance in the two areas increased and then decreased as the number of years of continuous cropping increased,and the diversity continued to decrease with extended continuous cropping.Across the time series,the relative abundance of the dominant phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in Ganzhou District initially increased and then decreased,and had further significantly decreased at 20 years of continuous cropping(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Acidobacteria in Linze County continued to decline,and was significantly lower at 20 years of continuous cropping than at 10 years(P<0.05).With increasing number of years of continuous cropping,fungal abundance and diversity continued to increase.The relative abundance of the fungal genera Colletotrichum and Fusarium in Ganzhou District was significantly increased(P<0.05)at 15 and 20 years of continuous cropping,and that of Fusarium in Linze County fluctuated at 15 and 21 years of continuous cropping.Analyses of beta diversity revealed that the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly,depending on the number of years of continuous cropping.In Ganzhou District,metabolic pathways,microbial metabolism,carbon metabolism,and pyruvate metabolism functions of the microbial community were significantly lower(P<0.05)at 10 years than at 5 years of continuous cropping.In Linze County,metabolic pathways,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and pyruvate metabolism functions were significantly(P<0.05)higher at 20 years than at 10 years of continuous cropping.In contrast,two-componen

关 键 词：玉米 土壤连作 宏基因组 土壤微生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.3