白三叶草镰刀菌根腐病病原鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and biological characterisation of Fusarium root rot pathogens of white clover

作　　者：张许可 夏红飞 陈国立 李德州 张晓伟 李克梅[1] 王丽丽[1] ZHANG Xu-ke;XIA Hong-fei;CHEN Guo-li;LI De-zhou;ZHANG Xiao-wei;LI Ke-mei;WANG Li-li(Agricultural College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture&Forestry of the North-western Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests,Urumqi 830052,China;Fuyun County Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Fuyun 836100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室,农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]富蕴县林业和草原局,新疆富蕴836100

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期175-187,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1401103)资助。

摘　　要：为确定新疆白三叶草根腐病的病原种类及生物学特性,本研究对新疆11个县(市)采集的有根腐症状的白三叶草进行了根部真菌的分离,分离到的真菌根据形态学和ITS、EF1-α和RPB2多基因序列鉴定,燕麦镰刀菌分离频率为51.69%、尖孢镰刀菌为17.42%、芬芳镰刀菌为4.50%,木贼镰刀菌为26.40%。致病性测定结果表明,4种镰刀菌对白三叶草根部均具有致病力,致病力强弱依次为尖孢镰刀菌>芬芳镰刀菌>木贼镰刀菌>燕麦镰刀菌。生物学特性结果表明,燕麦镰刀菌在15~25℃生长良好,其他3种镰刀菌最适菌丝生长温度均为25℃;4种镰刀菌在pH为7~9时菌丝生长良好,且在不同光照条件下菌丝生长无显著差异;尖孢镰刀菌和燕麦镰刀菌最适菌丝生长培养基和碳源均为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)和菊糖,芬芳镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适菌丝生长培养基均为查氏培养基(Czapek),对多元醇类碳源利用效果较好;燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适菌丝生长氮源均为蛋白胨,其他2种病原菌均为牛肉膏。4种镰刀菌在温度25~30℃、pH为6~8产孢较好;不同光照条件下,除尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌在12 h光暗交替条件下产孢明显增多,其他各菌种产孢无显著差异;尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌最适产孢培养基均为马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基,燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌分别为燕麦片琼脂培养基(OA)、玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA);燕麦镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、芬芳镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适产孢碳源分别为山梨醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉,前两者病原菌最适产孢氮源均为硝酸钾,后二者均为酵母浸粉。尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌致死温度为64℃10 min,燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌均为55℃10 min。除尖孢镰刀菌外,其他3种病菌均为白三叶草上的首次发现,系为白三叶草新病原。To determine the pathogenic species and biological characteristics of root rot in white clover(Trifolium repens)in Xinjiang,root fungi were isolated from symptomatic white clover roots collected from 11 counties(cities)in Xinjiang.The isolated fungi were identified through morphology and multi-gene sequences including ITS,EF1-α,and RPB2.Among the isolates obtained,Fusarium avenaceum accounted for 51.69%,Fusarium oxysporum 17.42%,Fusarium redolens 4.50%,and Fusarium equiseti 26.40%.Pathogenicity assays revealed all four Fusarium species to be pathogenic to white clover roots,with the following ranking of pathogenicity:F.oxysporum>F.redolens>F.equiseti>F.avenaceum.Biological characteristic results showed F.avenaceum grew well at 15-25℃,while the optimal mycelial growth temperature for the other three Fusarium species was 25℃.All four Fusarium species exhibited optimal mycelial growth at pH 7-9,with no significant differences observed under different light conditions.F.oxysporum and F.avenaceum showed optimal mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar and inulin,while F.redolens and F.equiseti grew better on Czapek's medium,with better utilization of polyol carbon sources.The optimal nitrogen source for F.avenaceum and F.equiseti was peptone,while the other two pathogens grew better on beef extract.Sporulation was best at 25-30℃and pH 6-8 for all four Fusarium species.Under different light conditions,except for F.oxysporum and F.redolens showing significantly increased sporulation under 12-hour light-dark alternation,no significant differences were observed in sporulation among the species.Optimal sporulation media were potato saccharose agar for F.oxysporum and F.redolens,and oatmeal aga and corn meal agar for F.avenaceum and F.equiseti,respectively.Optimal carbon sources for sporulation were sorbitol,glucose,maltose,and soluble starch for F.avenaceum,F.oxysporum,F.redolens,and F.equiseti,respectively.The optimal nitrogen source for the former two pathogens was potassium nitrate,while for the latter two,it was

关 键 词：白三叶草 镰刀菌根腐病 鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]