10种杀虫剂对苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马的毒力测定及田间药效评价  

Toxicity of 10 insecticides to alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii and thrip Odontothrips loti and assessment of their field efficacy

作　　者：彭斌 崔晓宁 张勃[1] 席驳鑫 胡桂馨[1] 姚拓[1] 李昌宁 牛奎举 常逢美 白建海 PENG Bin;CUI Xiao-ning;ZHANG Bo;XI Bo-xin;HU Gui-xin;YAO Tuo;LI Chang-ning;NIU Kui-ju;CHANG Feng-mei;BAI Jian-hai(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Education Ministry,Key Laboratory of Forage Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Xinhai Herbage Feed Technology Co,Ltd,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,农业农村部饲草种质创新与新品种选育重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃欣海牧草饲料科技有限公司,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期201-213,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060397);甘肃省教育厅高校教师创新基金(2024A-058);甘肃农业大学博士科研启动基金(GAU-KYQD-2018-24);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马是威胁我国苜蓿生产的重要害虫。为筛选用于防治苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马的高效、低毒的生物药剂,本研究利用拍盘法调查了这两种害虫在苜蓿田间的种群发生动态,通过浸叶法测定10种杀虫剂对害虫的毒力,以及评价不同类型药剂对害虫的田间防效。结果表明:苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马在甘肃民勤苜蓿田发生主要集中于第2、3茬苜蓿,7月9日和8月10日在苜蓿现蕾期两种害虫均达到种群高峰期。室内毒力测定表明,藜芦碱和苦参碱对苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马毒力较高,吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、鱼藤酮、乙基多杀菌素和阿维菌素次之,螺虫乙酯毒力最低。田间防效结果表明,苦参碱和鱼藤酮施药后7~14 d对苜蓿斑蚜的防效为73.47%~85.16%,对牛角花齿蓟马的防效为70.11%~88.61%。乙基多杀菌素和阿维菌素施药后7~14 d对苜蓿斑蚜的防效为67.80%~82.00%,对牛角花齿蓟马的防效为83.67%~92.55%。在苜蓿田间生产中,对苜蓿斑蚜和牛角花齿蓟马的喷雾防治建议首选高效低毒的鱼藤酮、苦参碱、阿维菌素和乙基多杀菌素。Therioaphis trifolii aphid and Odontothrips loti thrip are the most important pests threatening alfalfa(Medicago sativa)production in China.This study,conducted in Minqin county,Gansu Province,aimed to identify highly effective and low-toxicity biopesticides against T.trifolii and O.loti for field control.We investigated the field population dynamics of these two insect species through the clapper boarding method.The toxicity of 10 different insecticides against T.trifolii and O.loti was determined using the leaf dipping method in laboratory,and the field control efficacy was also evaluated in spraying tests.The results showed that the population densities of T.trifolii and O.loti were highest during the second and third alfalfa regrowth cycles,and the peaks occurred on July 9 and August 10,in the alfalfa bud stage.Laboratory toxicity results indicated that veratrine and matrine were the most toxic to T.trifolii and O.loti,while imidacloprid,β-cypermethrin,rotenone,spinetoram and avermectin were intermediate,and spirotetramat exhibited the least toxicity.Field control efficacy of matrine and rotenone against T.trifolii aphids ranged from 73.47%to 85.16%,and for O.loti thrips ranged from 70.11%to 88.61%during the period from seven to 14 days after application.The control efficacy of spinetoram and avermectin against T.trifolii ranged from 67.80%to 82.00%,and for O.loti ranged from 83.67%to 92.55%in the same period.Based on our results,the high-efficiency and low-toxicity rotenone,matrine,avermectin and spinetoram are recommended as the preferred chemicals for spray control of T.trifolii and O.loti in the field production of alfalfa.

关 键 词：苜蓿斑蚜 牛角花齿蓟马 种群动态 毒力 田间防效 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]