草地有害生物损失评定研究进展  

Research progress on assessment of losses in grassland due to diseases,pests,weeds and rodents

作　　者：董万清 马子媛 李应德 王亚杰 郑荣春 南志标[1] 段廷玉[1] DONG Wan-qing;MA Zi-yuan;LI Ying-de;WANG Ya-jie;ZHENG Rong-chun;NAN Zhi-biao;DUAN Ting-yu(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Engineering Research Center of Grassland industry,Ministry of Education,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,草地农业教育部工程研究中心,甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第12期214-223,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1401100)资助。

摘　　要：有害生物是指在限定条件下对人类的正常生活、生产活动及生存造成危害的生物。在草地保护学领域,有害生物主要指病原微生物,害虫,毒杂草和啮齿类动物。草地有害生物既是草地生态系统的重要组分,也是威胁草地生产和生态安全的重要因素。其危害贯穿整个草地农业生态系统的前植物生产层、植物生产层、动物生产层和后生物生产层,并在不同生产阶段均造成了巨大的损失,严重威胁着我国草地生态安全和畜牧业经济发展。但现阶段对草地有害生物损失的研究较为分散,较农业领域,相关损失评定方法及模型不够成熟,且缺乏系统性。因此,本研究梳理了国内外草地有害生物损失评定相关研究,从病害、虫害、毒杂草和鼠害4个方面,多层次阐述了有害生物损失评定的指标、评定方法及相关模型,并简要评价了不同方法和模型的优缺点及其适用范围,旨在为草地保护工作提供理论参考。Diseases,pests,weeds and rodents can be defined as organisms that detrimentally impact the ordinary life,production activities,and survival of human beings within constrained conditions.In the field of grassland conservation,harmful organisms mainly refer to pathogenic microorganisms,pests,noxious weeds,and rodents.Grassland pests are not only important components of grassland ecosystems,but also important factors threatening grassland production and ecological security.The harm caused by diseases,pests and weeds runs through the preplant production level,plant production level,animal production level and post-biological production level of the whole grassland agricultural ecosystem,and causes huge losses in various production stages,which seriously threaten the ecological security of grassland and the economic development of animal husbandry in China.Presently,research on the disease,pest and weed induced losses in grassland is characterized by fragmentation,with the associated assessment methods and models being less developed and systematic compared to those in the agricultural domain.Therefore,this study reviewed the domestic and international research on grassland disease,pest and weed loss assessment,and categorized the indexes,methods and models of loss assessment in four categories:diseases,pests,noxious weeds and rats,and briefly evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and models as well as their scope.This research aims to provide theoretical knowledge to underpin for grassland protection.

关 键 词：有害生物 损失 模型 经济阈值 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]