不同结构空化射流喷嘴流场特性对比  

Comparative on Flow Field Characteristics of Cavitation Jet Nozzles with Different Structures

作　　者：郭晨睿 李敬彬[1] 李欢[1] 马汝涛 王浩[1] 钟侯 李锐[1] Guo Chenrui;Li Jingbin;Li Huan;Ma Rutao;Wang Hao;Zhong Hou;Li Rui(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing);CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程国家重点实验室,北京市102249 [2]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司

出　　处：《石油机械》2024年第12期8-16,共9页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“页岩油径向水平井CO_(2)驱替增产机制研究”(52374018);中国石油天然气集团有限公司-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项“鄂尔多斯盆地致密油-页岩油富集、高效开发理论与关键技术研究”(ZLZX2020-02)。

摘　　要：喷嘴类型与结构是影响空化射流性能的关键因素。通过CFD数值模拟方法探究了风琴管自振空化射流喷嘴、Helmholtz型空化射流喷嘴、角形空化射流喷嘴、中心体空化射流喷嘴和叶轮式旋转空化射流喷嘴的流场特性。开展射流喷嘴流场室内测试,以射流扩散角为评价指标,验证了数值分析的可靠性。根据不同结构空化射流喷嘴的流场特性和现场工程应用需求,给出了适用于不同场景的空化射流喷嘴类型推荐和说明。研究结果表明:风琴管自振空化射流喷嘴射流冲击压力高且稳定性强(最高冲击压力12.165 MPa),适用于钻井过程中辅助破岩场景;Helmholtz型空化射流喷嘴脉冲频率高(2.0 kHz)且空泡运移距离远,适用于老井洗井解堵处理场景;角形空化射流喷嘴射流扩散能力强且空化程度高,适用于油田废水处理中乳化油破乳场景;中心体空化射流喷嘴具有集中于出口中心的空泡群和7.047 MPa的射流冲击压力,适用于煤层气开采中煤层瓦斯解吸渗流场景;叶轮式旋转空化射流喷嘴具有倒“U”形速度分布和空化作用范围大的特点,适用于水合物开采中径向分支钻孔场景。研究结果可为空化射流喷嘴选型提供理论依据。The type and structure of a nozzle are the key factors affecting the performance of cavitation jet.In the paper,first,the CFD numerical simulation method was used to explore the flow field characteristics of organ-pipe self-oscillation cavitation jet nozzle,Helmholtz cavitation jet nozzle,angular cavitation jet nozzle,central-body cavitation jet nozzle and impeller-type rotating cavitation jet nozzle.Second,the laboratory test of the jet nozzle flow field was carried out,and the reliability of the numerical analysis was verified by taking the jet diffusion angle as the evaluation index.Finally,based on the flow field characteristics and field engineering application requirements of cavitation jet nozzles with different structures,the types of cavitation jet nozzles suitable for different scenarios were recommended and explained.The study results show that the organ-pipe self-oscillation cavitation jet nozzle has strong jet impact pressure and high stability(the highest impact pressure is 12.165 MPa),and is suitable for the auxiliary rock breaking scenario in the drilling process.The Helmholtz cavitation jet nozzle has a high pulse frequency(2.0 kHz)and a long cavitation bubble migration distance,and is suitable for the flushing and blockage removal scenario of old wells.The angular cavitation jet nozzle has strong jet diffusibility and high cavitation degree,and is suitable for the demulsification scenario of emulsified oil in oilfield wastewater treatment.The center-body cavitation jet nozzle has a cavitation bubble group concentrated at the outlet center and a jet impact pressure of 7.047 MPa,and is suitable for coal seam gas desorption and seepage scenario in coalbed methane exploitation.The impeller-type rotating cavitation jet nozzle has an inverted“U”-shaped velocity distribution and a large cavitation range,and is suitable for the radial branch drilling scenario in natural gas hydrate exploitation.The study results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of cavitation jet nozzles.

关 键 词：空化射流 射流喷嘴 流场特性 喷嘴选型 射流扩散角 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]