泉州半月湾海滩侵蚀机制及修复对策研究  

ON THE EROSION MECHANISM AND RESTORATION STRATEGIES OF BANYUE BAY BEACH IN QUANZHOU CITY,FUJIAN,SOUTH CHINA

作　　者：姜敏 朱君 刘涛 刘根 雷刚 战超[1] 刘子铭 杨玉 隋超 JIANG Min;ZHU Jun;LIU Tao;LIU Gen;LEI Gang;ZHAN Chao;LIU Zi-Ming;YANG Yu;SUI Chao(Coastal Research Institute,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Xiamen 361005,China;Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 311122,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学海岸研究所,山东烟台264025 [2]自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室/福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室,福建厦门361005 [3]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311122

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第6期1394-1405,共12页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目,2023YFC3007900号,2023YFC3007905号;烟台市科技创新发展计划基础研究重点项目,2022JCYJ028号;自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室/福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室开放基金课题,EPR2023007号;国家自然科学基金项目,42006176号。

摘　　要：本文通过对比半月湾海滩历史岸线、剖面、水下地形、沿岸输沙等的变化,详细分析了海滩的侵蚀现状,探讨了渔港防波堤建设对半月湾海滩侵蚀的动力机制,并针对性地提出了海滩修复思路。研究结果表明,半月湾海滩自渔港防波堤建设以来产生了自西向东的沿岸净输沙,海滩西侧持续侵蚀,东侧持续淤积;2004~2014年西侧岸线蚀退速率最大约为-8.10 m/a,东侧淤进速率最大约为10.10 m/a;2015~2017年年单宽净侵蚀量最大约为10.99 m^(3)/m,2017~2021年单宽净淤积量最大约为26.05 m^(3)/m;岸线、剖面、水下地形变化逐渐减弱,海滩演化趋于平衡。半月湾海滩侵蚀和防波堤建设关系密切,防波堤建设后,主浪向东南(SE)方向入射波浪受防波堤的阻挡作用,使得半月湾海滩东段波高减小、中段波浪衰减梯度增加,原本平衡的输沙态势被破坏,产生了自西向东的沿岸净输沙。针对半月湾海岸侵蚀,提出了“滩肩补沙+中部透空防波堤+西侧卵石岬角”的修复思路,可有效降低沿岸输沙,缓解防波堤建设引起的海岸侵蚀问题。研究成果可为相似类型海岸的岸滩修复提供良好的参考。This paper detailed analysis was conducted on the erosion status of Banyue Bay beach by comparing changes in the historical shoreline,cross-section,underwater topography,and longshore sediment transport.The dynamic mechanism of beach erosion in Banyue Bay was explored,and targeted beach restoration approaches were proposed.Results show that since the construction of the fishing port breakwater,a net eastward longshore sediment transport occurred in Banyue Bay.The western side of the beach has experienced continuous erosion,while the eastern side has undergone continuous siltation.In 2004~2014,the maximum shoreline retreat rate was approximately-8.1 m/a,and the maximum accretion rate was 10.1 m/a.In 2015~2017,the annual maximum net erosion volume per unit width was 10.99 m^(3)/m,and in 2017~2021,the annual maximum net accretion volume per unit width was 26.05 m^(3)/m.The changes in shoreline,cross-section,and underwater topography have been gradually weakened,indicating that longshore sediment transport and shoreline adjustment in Banyue Bay tended to be stabilized.Relationship between beach erosion and the construction of the breakwater in Banyue Bay was closely related.After the breakwater construction,the incident waves from the southeast direction were obstructed by the breakwater,resulting in reduced wave height and weakened dynamics in the eastern section of Banyue Bay.The previously balanced sediment transport situation was disrupted,leading to net eastward longshore sediment transport.To understand the coastal erosion mechanism,we proposed a restoration strategy of“beach nourishment on the shoulder,permeable breakwater in the central area,and pebble cape in the western part”,by which longshore sediment transport has been reduced effectively and the coastal erosion due to breakwater construction alleviated.This study provided valuable references for the restoration of similar coastal beaches.

关 键 词：海岸侵蚀 防波堤 波高梯度 沿岸输沙 海滩修复 

分 类 号：P737.17[天文地球—海洋地质]