改性粘土对对虾养殖池塘主要生源要素的调控作用  

THE ROLE OF MODIFIED CLAY IN THE REGULATION OF THE MAJOR BIOGENIC ELEMENTS IN SHRIMP AQUACULTURE PONDS

作　　者：陈静 池连宝 姜凯钦 姜文彬 曹西华[1,2,3] 俞志明 宋秀贤[1,2,3] CHEN Jing;CHI Lian-Bao;JIANG Kai-Qin;JIANG Wen-bin;CAO Xi-Hua;YU Zhi-Ming;SONG Xiu-Xian(Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第6期1428-1435,共8页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金,42276220号;国家自然科学基金面上项目,42376210号;国家重点研发计划,2022YFE0136400号。

摘　　要：高强度养殖活动显著改变了主要生源要素的分布特征与循环过程,导致养殖水体呈现严重富营养化状态、有害藻华频发,既限制了养殖业的健康发展,又对周围海洋生态环境造成了负面影响。近年来,养殖水体水质调控成为研究热点,基于2023年5~9月份对莱州湾凡纳滨对虾精养池塘水体主要生源要素的现场观测与对比体系研究,揭示了改性粘土对主要生源要素分布特征的影响,结合培养实验,探究了改性粘土对主要生源要素循环的调控作用。结果表明,对虾养殖池塘水体中主要生源要素(碳、氮和磷)含量整体呈现波动上升的变化趋势。喷洒改性粘土24 h后可以迅速降低水体溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)和溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus,DIP)含量,去除率都达90%以上,且在养殖过程中实验池水体总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)含量均值都低于对照池。培养实验结果发现,改性粘土能够显著降低TOC矿化速率与DIN、DIP再生速率,有效促进了有机碳的埋藏,延缓了营养盐的再生与释放。综上,改性粘土可以降低水体中有机碳和营养盐含量,起到有效调控养殖水体水质的作用,并可促进有机碳的埋藏封存,在海洋碳埋藏增汇方面展现出良好的应用前景。High-intensity aquaculture activities have drastically changed the distribution patterns and cycling process of the major biogenic elements,and resulted in severe eutrophication of aquaculture water and frequent incidence of harmful algal blooms,which not only limits the healthy development of aquaculture industry,but also has an adverse effect on the nearby marine ecosystem.In recent years,water quality control in aquaculture water has attracted widespread attention.We evaluated the role of modified clay on the distribution characteristics of the major biogenic elements based on field observations and comparative systematic research on the major biogenic elements in the water of Litopenaeus vannamei farming ponds in Laizhou Bay,Shandong from May to September 2023.Meanwhile,our research combined culture experiments to explore the effect of modified clay on the cycling of major biogenic elements.Results demonstrate a trend of fluctuating upward in the content of the major biogenic elements(carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus)in the aquaculture water.Spraying modified clay could reduce the content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)in the aquaculture water for over 90%of removal in 24 h.During the aquaculture process,the average content of total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)in the experimental pond were lower than those in the control pond.The experiments revealed that modified clay could significantly reduce the mineralization rate of TOC and the regeneration rate of DIN,DIP,promote the burial of organic carbon effectively,and delay the regeneration and release of nutrients.Therefore,modified clay can reduce organic matter and nutrient levels in aquaculture water,control effectively the water quality of aquaculture water,and promote the burial and sequestration of organic matter,showing bright prospects for marine carbon burial.

关 键 词：养殖水体 改性粘土 主要生源要素 有机碳 营养盐 调控作用 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]