耐盐高效脱氮除磷菌株Hb的筛选鉴定及功能研究  

SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALT-TOLERANT AND EFFICIENT NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL STRAIN HB AND ITS ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION

作　　者：范晓瑄 周嘉仪 赖勋恒 林俊铎 韩瑞蕊 陈广凤 刘宇婷 陈琼华[1] 舒琥[1] FAN Xiao-Xuan;ZHOU Jia-Yi;LAI Xun-Heng;LIN Jun-Duo;HAN Rui-Rui;CHEN Guang-Feng;LIU Yu-Ting;CHEN Qiong-Hua;SHU Hu(School of Life Sciences,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第6期1457-1465,共9页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目,2019B030316022号;2022年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金,2022-SPY-00-017号;2023年广东省乡村振兴战略专项,粤财预[2023]6号;2024~2025年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目,202411078124号;广州大学“2+5”平台资金资助。

摘　　要：我国水产品养殖产量和面积多年来稳定增长,在集约化高密度水产养殖条件下,大量未经处理的高氮磷尾水进入水生态系统,从而导致生物多样性丧失及生境退化问题。为实现水产养殖水质或尾水中氮磷的高效快速降解,获得能应用于不同盐度条件、脱氮除磷性能良好的好氧反硝化菌,从广东省珠海市斗门区的水产养殖池塘的水样和底泥样中分离得到一株具耐盐和除磷特性的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株Hb。通过形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对其进行种属鉴定,斑马鱼攻毒实验和抗生素实验对其进行生物及生态安全性评估,设置不同梯度的碳氮比(C/N)、磷氮比(P/N)、温度、pH、盐度以及不同种类碳源的氮磷模拟废水进行环境单因素实验,测定其脱氮除磷性能。结果表明,菌株Hb为霍氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter hormaechei),且对多种抗生素敏感,水生生物毒性低,生物安全性高;以琥珀酸钠为碳源,C/N=10,P/N=0.2,pH=7,T=30℃时,Hb的生长情况和脱氮除磷效果最好;在最适条件下,菌株在48 h时(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)、NaNO_(3)和NaNO_(2)的去除率分别达到99.44%、99.43%和100%;对应磷酸盐的去除率分别为96.90%、91.88%和90.53%;耐盐范围为0~50。综合表明,该菌株具有安全、耐盐范围广以及高效脱氮除磷能力,预示其在高盐养殖废水等环境中具有良好的应用前景。To obtain an aerobic denitrifying bacterium with good performance in nitrogen and phosphorus removal under different salinity conditions,a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification and phosphorus removal bacterial strain Hb with salinity tolerance characteristics was isolated from water and substrate samples of aquaculture ponds in Doumen District,Zhuhai City,Guangdong,China,and was characterized in morphology,physiology,and biochemistry,and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis.The biological and ecological safety of Hb was evaluated by morphological identification,physiological and biochemical identification,16S rDNA gene sequence analysis,zebrafish poisoning,and antibiotic experiments.To determine the performance of the strain,environmental single-factor experiments were conducted at different carbon/nitrogen(C/N)ratio,phosphorus/nitrogen(P/N)ratio,temperature,pH,salinity,and nitrogen-phosphorus simulated wastewater with different carbon sources.Results show that the strain Hb was Enterobacter hormaechei and sensitive to many antibiotics,with low aquatic toxicity and high biosafety.The best growth and denitrification and phosphorus removal effect of Hb was achieved when sodium succinate was used as the carbon source,C/N=10,P/N=0.2,pH=7,and T=30℃,under which the 48 h removal rates of(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),NaNO_(3),and NaNO_(2)reached 99.44%,99.43%,and 100%,respectively;the corresponding phosphate removal rates were 96.90%,91.88%,and 90.53%,respectively;and the salinity tolerance range was 0~50.Therefore,this strain has the ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus safely and efficiently in a wide range of salt tolerance,showing a good application prospect in the high-salt aquaculture wastewater and other similar environments.

关 键 词：异养硝化-好氧反硝化 霍氏肠杆菌 脱氮除磷 耐盐 养殖废水 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖] S955[农业科学—水产科学]