请托入学的民法规制及裁判进路——以223份裁判文书为样本  

The Civil Law Regulation and Judgmental Approach Conerning Enrollment Requests——An Analysis Based on 223 Judgments

作　　者：李天志 王哲[2] Li Tianzhi;Wang Zhe

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院法学部 [2]北京市海淀区人民法院民事审判第四庭

出　　处：《行政与法》2024年第12期82-95,共14页Administration and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项项目“中国公民境外活动文明规范入法研究”,项目编号:18VHJ015;中国人大制度理论研究会年度研究课题“新兴领域立法研究”,项目编号:2021052。

摘　　要：不正当的请托入学活动扭曲了正常的竞争机制,有违招生公平和教育公平,阻碍了法治政府和法治社会的建设。当前,在请托入学纠纷的审判实践中,存在民诉受案范围难以确定、民事法律关系难以确定、费用分担方式难以确定等难点,有碍司法裁判的法律效果与社会效果的统一。请托入学纠纷应受到民事法律的规制与调整,并应认定为委托合同关系为宜。委托合同的效力需根据请托入学的实质情况加以判断,不应一概认定为无效。在处理请托费用时,应根据委托合同的效力、请托事项的完成度和请托费用的去向分情况进行妥善分配,在对不正当请托行为给予否定性评价的基础上适当平衡各方当事人利益,通过法治手段处理好法治社会与人情社会的关系。Improper requests for enrolment distort the normal comp etition mechanism,violate fairness in enrolment and education,and impede the construction of a government and society based on the rule of law.In the current trial practice,there are difficulties in determining the scope of the civil lawsuit,the civil legal relationship,and the sharing of costs,which hinders the unity of the legal and social effects of the judicial decision.Disputes over enrollment requests should be regulated and adjusted by civil law and should be recognized as entrustment contract relationships.The validity of the entrustment contract should be judged according to the substantive situation of the activities of enrollment requests,and should not be invalidated in each case.When dealing with fees,a proper allocation should be made based on the validity of the entrustment contract,the degree of completion of the entrusted matter,and the destination of the fees,and the interests of all parties should be properly balanced based on a negative evaluation of improper entrustment,so as to deal with the relationship between a society governed by the rule of law and a society governed by human kindness through the means of the rule of law.

关 键 词：请托入学 委托合同 民法规制 公序良俗 费用分担 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]