明清时期黄河下游决泛区的时空变化及其人地关系规律  

The Spatio-temporal Changes and the Human Land Relationship Pattern of the Flooded Areas of the Lower Yellow River Region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：吴俊范[1] Wu Junfan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学历史系,上海200234

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第12期121-130,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“7—20世纪长江三角洲海岸带环境变迁史料的搜集、整理与研究”(20&ZD231)。

摘　　要：明清黄河下游决泛水沙对颍河沿岸平原地区的环境和地表塑造的影响相对较轻,颍河两岸未形成显性决口扇地貌,历次黄泛水沙一般未越过颍河向西南漫溢,颍河干流长期作为黄泛水沙的良好容受体及其向西南蔓延扩张的界隔线。涡河沿岸地区受到明清黄河独流干道决口水沙向南泛滥及涡河本身被黄水夺溜时决泛水沙的双重影响,黄河主故道南岸核心决口扇的边缘带与沿涡次级决口扇相互交集,在涡河地区形成叠加型决口扇地貌,涡河干流长期作为黄泛重灾区与影响轻微地区的分界线。大型湖泊洼地的积水面通常与黄泛决口扇的前缘互为进退,鱼台县的土壤分布及农作物结构特征,较好地证明了南四湖洼地长期作为黄泛决口扇的边界,南四湖是明清时期黄泛水沙向北蔓延扩张的重要蓄洪区和调剂区。The environmental impact and surface shaping by the overflown water and sediment of the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the plain areas along the Ying River were relatively light.There was no obvious crevasse fan landform formed on both sides of the Ying River,and the yellow floodwater and sand generally did not overflow southwest across the Ying River.The main stream of the Ying River had long been a good receptor for yellow floodwater and sand and also a boundary line for its southwest expansion.The areas along the Wo River were affected by the dual effects of the southward flooding of water and sand from the breach of the Yellow River’s main channel during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,as well as the flooding of water and sand caused by the Wo River itself while its bed was occupied by the Yellow River floods.The edge zone of the core breach fan on the south bank of the Yellow River’s main channel intersected with the secondary breach fan along the Wo River,forming a superimposed breach fan landform along the Wo River area.The main stream of the Wo River had long served as the boundary between the severely affected areas and the lightly affected areas of the Yellow River flood.The water accumulation surface of large lakes and depressions usually moved back and forth with the front edge of the Yellow River floodplain fan.The soil distribution and crop structure characteristics of Yutai County provided good evidence that the Nansihu Lake depression had long served as the boundary of the Yellow River flood breach fan.Nansihu Lake was an important flood storage and adjustment area for the northward spread and expansion of Yellow River overflown water and sediment during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

关 键 词：明清黄泛区 显性边界 决口扇 土壤 水患记忆 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]