H型三层笼养肉鸡舍颗粒物浓度与肉鸡呼吸道健康水平的相关性分析  

Correlation Analysis on Particulate Matter Concentration and Respiratory Health Level of Broilers in H-type Three-layer Caged Broilers

作　　者：王学静[1,2] 张诚 崔欢 王娟 王珏[2] 陈立功[1] 张敏红[6] 魏忠华[2] 刘聚祥[1] WANG Xuejing;ZHANG Cheng;CUI Huan;WANG Juan;WANG Jue;CHEN Ligong;ZHANG Minhong;WEI Zhonghua;LIU Juxiang(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Hebei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding,Hebei 071000;North China Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Disease Pathogen Biology,Ministry of Agriculture,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Shijiazhuang Engineering Vocational College,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050204;Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071001 [2]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,河北保定071000 [3]农业部动物疫病病原生物学华北科学观测实验站,河北保定071001 [4]河北省人畜共患病原微生物分析与防控重点实验室,河北保定071001 [5]石家庄工程职业学院,河北石家庄050204 [6]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国家禽》2024年第12期93-101,共9页China Poultry

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22326604D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HBCT2024270204);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-41)。

摘　　要：为明确在H型三层笼养主导饲养模式下,环境参数对肉鸡呼吸道疾病发生的主要影响因素,并为呼吸道疾病的精准预防技术研发提供理论支撑。研究参照礼蓝动保开发的家禽健康追踪系统(HTSi)呼吸道健康评价方法,对河北省主要养殖地区三个县域的H型三层笼养肉鸡场进行了一整年度的呼吸道健康调查,并利用环境监测设备对春季、夏季和冬季的颗粒物进行定期监测。结果显示,呼吸道健康主要体现在气管和气囊的损伤,气管和气囊平均损伤程度处于正常与轻度之间的鸡只占比分别为35.02%和70.36%,其中气囊炎的发生率最高;在发生规律方面,气管炎在春冬季高于夏秋季,而气囊炎主要发生在除夏季以外的其他季节。肉鸡养殖场的颗粒物浓度在春季、冬季、夏季变化显著,其中冬季室内PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的浓度分别为夏季的6.40倍和8.98倍,春季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的浓度分别为夏季的5.49倍和3.79倍。肉鸡呼吸道损伤与颗粒物浓度的季节性变化规律一致,即颗粒物浓度高时,呼吸道健康水平差。同时,通过分析与影响呼吸道健康的主要环境参数(如氨气灼伤、腹水、心血管疾病等)的关系,排除了在河北省H型三层笼养条件下现有NH3和CO_(2)水平对肉鸡呼吸道疾病的重要影响,进一步明确了颗粒物在肉鸡呼吸道疾病发生及呼吸道健康影响中的主导作用。研究表明,颗粒物的浓度不仅决定了对肉鸡呼吸道的刺激程度,还决定了其所承载病原微生物的数量及呼吸道病原感染的时间,进一步确认颗粒物为预防呼吸道疾病发生的关键环境参数。To clarify the main influences of environmental parameters on the occurrence of respiratory diseases in broiler chickens under the dominant rearing mode of H-type three-layer cages and to provide theoretical support for the development of precise preventive technologies for respiratory diseases,this study was conducted with reference to the respiratory health evaluation method of the Poultry Health Tracking System(HTSi)developed by Elanco Animal Protection Company and H-type threelayer caged broiler farms in three counties of main breeding areas of Hebei Province.Respiratory health was investigated for a whole year,and particulate matter was regularly monitored in spring,summer and winter using environmental monitoring equipment.The results showed that respiratory health was mainly reflected in trachea and air sac injuries,and the percentages of chick‐ens with average trachea and air sac injuries between normal and mild were 35.02%and 70.36%,respectively,with the highest in‐cidence of ARS(Air Sac Inflammation);in terms of the pattern of occurrence,TRS(Tracheal Inflammation)was greater in the spring and winter than that in the summer and fall,and ARS mainly occurred in seasons other than summer.The particulate mat‐ter concentrations in the broiler house varied significantly in spring,winter and summer,with the indoor PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations in winter being 6.40 and 8.98 times greater than those in summer,respectively,and the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations in spring being 5.49 and 3.79 times greater than those in summer,respectively.The respiratory damage of broilers was consistent with the seasonal variation rule of particulate matter concentration,i.e.,the respiratory health level was poor when the particulate matter concentration was high.Moreover,by analyzing the relationships between major environmental parameters affecting respiratory health(e.g.,ammonia burn,ascites,cardiovascular disease),the important effects of existing NH3 and CO_(2) levels on broiler respiratory diseases were excl

关 键 词：H型三层笼养 肉鸡 颗粒物 呼吸道健康 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S831.7[农业科学—畜牧学]