云南省少数民族聚居区农村居民健康生活方式潜在类别研究  

Latent class analysis of health lifestyle of rural residents in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：陈杰 王辛平 李小菊 张亚访 黄源 严朝芳 邓睿 CHEN Jie;WANG Xinping;LI Xiaoju;ZHANG Yafang;HUANG Yuan;YAN Chaofang;DENG Rui(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第10期1259-1264,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202201AY070001-024);云南省高层次人才计划(YNQR-QNRC-2018-140);昆明医科大学2023年硕士研究生创新基金立项项目(2023S009,2023S153)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省少数民族聚居区农村居民健康生活方式的潜在类别以及各类别人群特征差异,为制定有针对性的健康生活方式干预策略提供依据。方法通过分层随机抽样,本研究选取2022年7—12月云南省少数民族聚居区内15~64岁2453名农村居民进行结构化问卷调查。应用潜在类别分析法基于吸烟、饮酒、体检、锻炼以及睡眠5种健康行为识别调查对象的健康生活方式潜在类别,采用多分类logistic回归分析不同人口学特征对居民健康生活方式潜在类别的影响。结果居民健康生活方式可分为积极型(41.62%)、混合型(20.34%)以及消极型(38.04%)3个潜在类别。多分类logistic回归分析显示,模型1(混合型vs.消极型)中,女性(OR=7.40,95%CI:5.74~9.53)、学生(OR=7.32,95%CI:2.75~19.45)居民更倾向于混合型健康生活方式,而“直过民族”(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.39~0.83)、其他少数民族(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.25~0.59)、受教育程度高(OR=0.10~0.39)居民更倾向于消极型健康生活方式;模型2(积极型vs.消极型)中,女性(OR=7.55,95%CI:6.10~9.34)、≥40岁(OR=1.88~2.91)、学生(OR=11.38,95%CI:5.53~23.41)、待业/无业(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.50~7.36)居民更倾向于积极型健康生活方式,而“直过民族”(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.39~0.74)、其他少数民族(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.25~0.53)以及受教育程度高(OR=0.41~0.76)居民仍倾向于消极型健康生活方式;模型3(积极型vs.混合型)则显示,受教育程度高居民(OR=1.96~4.35)具有积极型健康生活方式倾向(P<0.05)。结论云南省少数民族聚居区农村居民未来宜以高学历人群作为民族社区普及健康知识的“创新扩散者”,针对少数民族采取改变旧习和规避不良行为的“双向防范”策略,着力提升居民“主动健康”意识,打造民族健康共识。Objective To understand the potential categories of health lifestyles among rural residents in ethnic minority settlement areas of Yunnan province and the differences in demographic characteristics among these categories to provide a basis for designing targeted health lifestyle interventions.Methods A structured questionnaire survey was conducted on 2453 rural residents aged 15-64 in ethnic minority settlement areas of Yunnan province from July to December 2022 using a stratified random sampling method.Based on five health-related behaviors,including smoking,alcohol use,physical examination,physical activity,and sleeping status,latent class analysis was used to identify potential categories of healthy lifestyles.Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the impact of different demographic characteristics on the potential categories of healthy lifestyles among the residents.Results The health lifestyles of the residents were categorized into three potential categories:positive type(41.62%),mixed type(20.34%),and negative type(38.04%).Based on this result,model 1(mixed type vs.negative type),model 2(positive type vs.negative type),and model 3(positive type vs.mixed type)were developed for multinomial logistic regression analysis.Model 1 revealed that females(OR=7.40,95%CI:5.74-9.53)and students(OR=7.32,95%CI:2.75-19.45)preferred the mixed type,"Zhiguo ethnic minority"groups(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.39-0.83),other ethnic groups(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.25-0.59)and the people with higher education level(OR=0.10-0.39)preferred the negative type;model 2 revealed that females(OR=7.55,95%CI:6.10-9.34),those aged 40 and above(OR=1.88-2.91),students(OR=11.38,95%CI:5.53-23.41),and unemployed individuals(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.50-7.36)preferred the positive type,"Zhiguo ethnic minority"groups(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.39-0.74),other ethnic groups(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.25-0.53)and the people with higher education level(OR=0.41-0.76)still preferred the negative type;model 3 revealed that the health lifestyle of people with higher education level(OR=1.

关 键 词：健康行为 健康生活方式 少数民族 社会阶层 潜在类别分析 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]