甘肃省扩大免疫规划时期流行性腮腺炎流行特征与空间聚集性  

Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clusters of mumps in Gansu Province after introducing mumps-containing vaccine into the National Immunization Program

作　　者：张宁静[1] 张晓曙[1] 张秉玲[1] 魏孔福[1] 安婧[1] ZHANG Ningjing;ZHANG Xiaoshu;ZHANG Bingling;WEI Kongfu;AN Jing(Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第10期1265-1270,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省卫生行业科研计划管理项目(GWGL2013-18);中华预防医学会预防接种信息化与服务能力提升项目(CPMA-JY2021-005)。

摘　　要：目的分析甘肃省2008—2022年含腮腺炎成分疫苗(mumps-containing vaccine,MuCV)纳入扩大国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)后流行性腮腺炎(简称“流腮”)流行病学和空间分布特征。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集甘肃省2008—2022年流腮报告发病数据,采用描述流行病学方法,分析流腮发病的时间、地区和人群分布特征,采用Arcgis 10.3软件对流腮发病率进行空间自相关分析。结果2008—2022年甘肃省共报告流腮100651例,年均报告发病率25.79/10万,2012年和2019年为流腮高发年,报告发病率分别为61.90/10万、50.24/10万,不同年度报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46380.49,P<0.01)。5~<10岁发病率最高,年均报告发病率148.50/10万;男性发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2353.15,P<0.01)。每年4—7月、11月至次年1月为发病高峰。河西地区和中部地区发病率较高。全局自相关分析显示,2009年、2011—2017年、2019年、2022年存在全局自相关性。局部自相关分析显示,流腮发病的“高-高”聚集区主要分布在河西地区。结论甘肃省2008—2022年流腮报告发病率波动起伏,仍处于较高水平,5~<10岁儿童是流腮发病的重点人群,应持续加强适龄儿童2剂次MuCV接种,注重学校疫情防控,重点地区加强流腮监测。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of mumps in Gansu Province,following the inclusion of the mumps-containing vaccine(MuCV)in the National Immunization Program(NIP).Methods Data on reported mumps cases in Gansu Province from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the temporal,regional,and demographic distribution of mumps cases.Spatial autocorrelation analysis of mumps incidence rates was conducted using ArcGIS 10.3 software.Results A total of 100651 mumps cases were reported from 2008 to 2022 in Gansu Province,with an average annual incidence rate of 25.79 cases per 100000.Peak were in 2012 and 2019,with incidences of 61.90/100000 and 50.24/100000,respectively.The highest incidence was observed in children aged 5 to<10 years,with an average annual rate of 148.50 per 100000.The peak of mumps was from April to July and from November to January.The Hexi and central regions showed high incidence.Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of the incidence rate of mumps reported in Gansu Province from 2008 to 2022 showed that there was a global autocorrelation in 2009,2011—2017,2019,and 2022.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that high-high clustering areas of mumps were mainly distributed in the Hexi region.Conclusions The incidence of reported mumps fluctuated in Gansu Province in 2008—2022,and it was still at a high level.Children aged 5-<10 years represent a key population for mumps infections.Continuous efforts should be made to strengthen the administration of two doses of MuCV vaccination for age-eligible children,enhance epidemic prevention in schools,and improve monitoring in high-risk areas.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行病学 国家免疫规划 空间聚集性 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学]