上层大气层飞行器研究进展及气动技术挑战  

Spacecraft in upper atmosphere:Research development and aerodynamic challenges

作　　者：靳旭红 黄飞[1,3] 张俊 王学德[5] 程晓丽[1,3] 沈清[1] JIN Xuhong;HUANG Fei;ZHANG Jun;WANG Xuede;CHENG Xiaoli;SHEN Qing(China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,Beijing 100074,China;School of Aerospace,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Laboratory of Aero-thermal Protection Technology for Aerospace Vehicles(LAPTAV),China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CASC),Beijing 100074,China;School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京100074 [2]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [3]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天飞行器气动热防护实验室,北京100074 [4]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191 [5]南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,南京210094

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第22期1-16,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2023M741912)。

摘　　要：上层大气层飞行器的研究,不但能够促进上层大气层空气动力学这一新兴学科的发展,还能实现100~300km上层大气层空域的开发利用,推动地球观测、通信等关系民生和国防的重大科技进步,填补此空域长期机动飞行的飞行器空白。分析了上层大气层飞行器相关的研究态势,概述和总结了现有的研究进展,指出气动设计和推进系统方面需要突破的上层大气与飞行器表面相互作用准确建模技术、吸气式电推进系统气体收集压缩器高性能进气道通用化设计技术、吸气式电推进系统电离加速推进器的高效率电离和加速技术等关键技术挑战,并提出了潜在的解决方案,以便为相关领域的科技工作者开展原创研究、集智攻关提供参考。Research into spacecraft in the upper atmosphere can not only contribute to the development of upperatmosphere aerodynamics but also exploit the upper atmosphere ranged from 10o km to 30o km,consequently making significant progress in such military and civilian technology as earth observation and radio communication,and filling the void that there is not yet long-term and maneuverable spacecraft operating in the upper atmosphere.This paper provides a comprehensive review of research situation and development related to the spacecraft in the upper atmosphere,by highlighting the three technique challenges involved in aerodynamic design and propulsion system,namely accurate modelling of the interaction of upper atmosphere with spacecraft surface,wide-range design of efficient inlet for gas collection and compression in the Air-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)system,and efficient ionization and acceleration in the ABEP system subjected to limited energy source.Moreover,some possible solutions have been proposed to overcome these challenges.Comments have been provided,when possible,to help the reader to identify present development and future challenges for spacecraft in the upper atmosphere with regards to aerodynamic design and propulsion.This review aims at providing some reference for researchers in related fields,thereby facilitating original research and collaborative problem-solving efforts.

关 键 词：上层大气层 气固相互作用 吸气式电推进 超低轨卫星 大气密度模型 

分 类 号：V411.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]