气动弹射系统研究进展  

Research progress on pneumatic catapult systems

作　　者：刘夏 许剑 李笑宇 刘慧楠 张新敬[1,3,4] 徐玉杰 陈海生[1,3] LIU Xia;XU Jian;LI Xiaoyu;LIU Huinan;ZHANG Xinjing;XU Yujie;CHEN Haisheng(Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of General Administration,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China;Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院办公厅,北京100864 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院轻型动力创新研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第22期17-41,共25页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52376040);北京市杰出青年科学基金(JQ21010);北京市科技新星计划交叉合作课题(20230484479);中国科学院轻型动力创新研究院创新引导基金。

摘　　要：气动弹射技术在无人机起飞以及其他装备发射等领域受到广泛的关注与应用,本文围绕气动弹射系统理论研究及工程应用方面进行了归纳总结,论述了相关的理论研究进展、关键技术研发以及弹射器产品研发现状。在多工质气动系统研究方面,以压缩空气弹射居多,但以压缩二氧化碳为工作介质的气动弹射器具有更高的工作性能,不过在某些运行工况下会受限于二氧化碳三相点温度,因此在提升其系统综合性能方面还有待进一步研究;在弹射系统内弹道基础理论研究方面,研究方法多样,理论方法较为成熟,但在实际的工程应用方面,对大质量高速度的弹射要求,想要兼顾系统性能与设备轻量化,设计难度较大,在面向实际应用的结构设计优化研究方面有待进一步加强。The pneumatic launch technology has been widely concerned and applied in in UAV take-off and other fields of weapon launching.This paper summarizes the theoretical research and engineering applications of the pneumatic ejection system.The related theoretical research progress,the research and development of the key technologies,and the development status of catapult products are discussed.In the research on the multi-refrigerant pneumatic system,it is found that compressed air launch is the majority,but the pneumatic catapult with compressed carbon dioxide as the working medium has higher performance.However,it will be limited by the triple point temperature of carbon dioxide under some operating conditions,and thus needs to be further studied to improve the comprehensive performance of the system.In the research on the basic theory of interior ballistics of the ejection system,the research methods are various,and the theoretical methods are more mature.However,in practical engineering application,both the system performance and the lightweight of equipment need to be taken into account,considering the ejection requirements for high quality and speed.Thus,it is difficult to design the ejection system,and structural design optimization for practical application needs to be further strengthened.

关 键 词：气动弹射 压缩空气 弹射器 内弹道特性 结构与控制 

分 类 号：V55[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] TJ768.2[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]