规范专门法院设置的制度路径  

Theoretical Issues and Practical Approaches to Standardizing the Establishment of Specialized People's Courts

作　　者：丁亮华 Ding Lianghua

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2024年第11期24-32,共9页Administration Reform

摘　　要：规范专门法院设置是党的二十届三中全会部署的一项重要改革举措。当前我国专门法院的设置存在规范性要素缺失的问题。充实并彰显这些规范性要素,必须从宪法法律规范出发,立足于法院法定、类型法定和管辖法定这三个关键维度,厘清专门法院的创设权限,严格专门法院的设立标准,完善专门法院的管辖制度。首先,坚持法院法定这一原则,确保专门法院由国家权力机关依法创设,并在中央层面做好统筹规范和决策评价。其次,2018年《中华人民共和国人民法院组织法》第十五条第一款列举的专门法院类型,具有设立标准的限定功能,不宜任意作扩大解释。最后,明确专门法院管辖权的性质,使其与普通法院管辖权在立法上予以区别,并通过合理规划专门法院的审级配置,最终实现专门法院组织的适度体系化。Standardizing the establishment of specialized people's courts is a significant reform initiative introduced at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Currently,the establishment of specialized people's courts in our country lacks sufficient normative elements.To address this,we propose enriching these elements by focusing on three key dimensions:statutory courts,statutory types,and statutory jurisdiction.Specifically,it is essential to clarify the authority granted to specialized courts,strictly adhere to standards for their establishment,and improve the jurisdictional system governing these courts.First,adherence to the principle of legality should guide overall planning,decision-making,and evaluation processes.Second,the types of specialized courts outlined in Article 15 of the 2008 Organization Law of the People's Courts were developed through successive legislative amendments and practical refinements.As such,they serve to constrain the criteria for establishment and should not be interpreted too broadly.Lastly,it is crucial to clearly define the jurisdiction of specialized courts,distinguishing it from that of ordinary courts within the legal framework.Achieving a systematic organization of specialized courts requires reasonable planning of their hierarchical structure to ensure coherence and functionality.

关 键 词：专门法院 法院创设权 法院类型 专门管辖 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]