灾害治理中社会力量应急协作的网络建构、潜在挑战与策略优化  

Network Construction,Potential Challenges and Optimization Strategies for Social Forces'Emergency Cooperation in Disaster Management

作　　者：张勇杰 Zhang Yongjie

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)应急管理研究院(中欧应急管理学院)

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2024年第9期49-59,共11页Administration Reform

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“接诉即办中党的领导制度优势转化研究”(22KDC014)。

摘　　要：加强社会力量应急协作网络的建设与管理,提升组织间协作网络的有序性和有效性,成为新时代推进应急管理体系和能力现代化建设、加强和创新社会治理的关键议题。基于两种经典应对灾害危机的组织适应模式,从中演绎了三种社会力量应急协作网络类型,即政府牵引型、自主协调型和自发突生型。在结合河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨灾害案例的基础上,分析不同社会力量应急协作网络的运行机理和结构表征。社会力量应急协作网络长效发展仍然面临着组织文化多样性与网络管理一致性、组织参与灵活性与网络管理稳定性、组织数量规模性与网络管理协调性、任务边界模糊性与成果责任归属清晰性之间的矛盾冲突。未来,要进一步强化分类管理、完善制度建设、加强应急演练、强化数字赋能,从而使社会力量应急协作网络能够灵活地适应灾害危机变化。Strengthening the construction and management of the social force emergency cooperation network and improving the orderliness and effectiveness of the inter-organizational cooperation network have become key issues in promoting the modernization of the emergency management system and capabilities and strengthening and innovating social governance in the new era.Based on two classic organizational adaptation models for responding to disaster crises,three types of social force emergency cooperation networks are deduced,which are summarized as government-driven,autonomous and spontaneous.Based on the"7·20"heavy rainstorm disaster in Zhengzhou,Henan,the operation mechanism and structural representation of different emergency cooperation networks of social forces are analyzed.However,the long-term development of the social force emergency cooperation network still faces conflicts between organizational culture diversity and network management consistency,organizational participation flexibility and network management stability,organizational quantity scale and network management coordination,and task boundary ambiguity and clear responsibility for results.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen classified management,improve system construction,strengthen emergency drills,and strengthen digital empowerment,so that the social force emergency cooperation network can flexibly adapt to changes in disaster crises.

关 键 词：应急管理 社会组织 协作网络 跨部门合作 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]