长沙市2018―2021年低出生体重儿流行特征及影响因素分析  

The epidemic characteristics of low birth weight and its influencing factors in Changsha from 2018 to 2021

作　　者：张爱平[1] 樊婧[1] 黄志 王金莲[1] 谭霞[1] 李维芳[1] 苏贤 王团美 ZHANG Aiping;FAN Jing;HUANG Zhi;WANG Jinlian;TAN Xia;LI Weifang;SU Xian;WANG Tuanmei(Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital Changsha,410007,China;Hunan University of Medicine,Huaihua 418000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市妇幼保健院,长沙410007 [2]湖南医药学院,怀化418000

出　　处：《湖南师范大学学报（医学版）》2024年第4期116-122,127,共8页Journal of Hunan Normal University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目“长沙市低出生体重的影响因素分析及监测模型建立”(2021SK53212)。

摘　　要：目的:对长沙市低出生体重的发生率及影响因素进行分析,为制定精准的人群干预措施提供依据。方法:以长沙市妇幼保健院2018—2021年分娩的本地户籍产妇及所生17 506例活产儿为对象,通过查阅并回顾性的收集《分娩登记本》和长沙市辖区孕产妇健康管理相关资料,采用多因素 Logistic 回归分析低出生体重发生的影响因素。结果:2018—2021年长沙市新生儿低出生体重发生率4.08%。多因素分析结果显示,新生儿母亲孕期初诊有高危因素、胎儿生长受限、新生儿性别为女孩、早产、多胎、剖宫产和臀助产、出生缺陷是低出生体重的危险因素。其中,早产(OR=75.67,95%CI:60.38~94.82)、多胎(OR=14.91,95%CI:10.46~21.24)、胎儿生长受限(OR=11.33,95%CI:5.09~25.20)对低出生体重影响最大。而新生儿母亲产次为2次、初诊身高高于155 cm、分娩前体重高于60 kg是低出生体重的保护因素。结论:长沙市低出生体重发生率较高,受新生儿母亲人口学因素、孕期健康状况及新生儿分娩时健康状况等多种因素影响。建议重点加强该地区高龄经产妇、多胎妊娠等重点人群的孕期保健管理,胎儿生长受限等孕期高危因素的识别及早期干预管理。Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of the low birth weight in Changsha from 2018 to 2021,which provide evidences for making precision intervention measures.Methods 17506 live births who delivered in Changsha maternal and child health hospital from 2018 to 2021 were selected as the participants.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the low birth weight.Results The incidence of low birth weight of newborns in Changsha was 4.08 % from 2018 to 2021.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant woman with risk factors during initial diagnosis,neonatal growth restriction,preterm birth,multiple births,cesarean section and hip midwifery,birth defects for infants were the risk factors for low birth weight.Preterm birth (OR=75.67,95%CI 60.38-94.82),multiple births (OR=14.91,95%CI 10.46-21.24),and neonatal growth restriction (OR=11.33,95%CI 5.09-25.20) were the main the risk factors of low birth weight.Moreover,the parity of mother was twice,the height of mother was higher than 155cm,and the weight of mother before delivery was higher than 60 kg were the protective factor for low birth weight.Conclusion There was a high level incidence of low birth weight in Changsha,which is affected by many factors.It is necessary to strengthen the management of pregnancy care for elderly parturient women and multiple pregnancies,and prevent the high risk factors of fetal growth restriction.

关 键 词：新生儿 低出生体重 发生率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科]