明清时期长江中游市镇社会分治的宪制形态  

The Constitutional Form of Social Division of Towns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：武乾[1] Wu Qian

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第5期102-114,共13页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“社会主导下的明清江南市镇多元法秩序研究”(项目编号:23BZS079)的阶段性成果;中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目编号:2722024EJ037)。

摘　　要：明清时期长江中游自发形成的工商业市镇,在国家法定的社会与政治体制中没有独立地位。市镇工商行会通过长期的自治实践,形成了市镇的社会自治体制,产生了民主制萌芽。行会与官府的长期合作博弈,形成了事实上的官民共治权力结构,初步具备社会分治形态宪制性质。官权的过度强大,工商业阶层发育的缓慢,绅士的缺位以及政治法律学术与思想的滞后,导致了长江中游市镇社会自治程度较低,市镇社会分治形态宪制难以发展成政治分权形态以及规范适用形态的宪制。The Constitutional Institutions Form of Social Devolution in the Market Towns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin During the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It had no status of independent authority where the commercial markets and towns formed spontaneously, confronting to the social system and political hierarchy stipulated by the state, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. With the long-term autonomous practice, the commercial guild of towns formed the social autonomy system of towns and produced the initial model of democratic practice. Eventually, it had formed a power structure of Co-governance among the officials and the folks which initially had the nature of constitutional institution form of social devolution through the continuous cooperation and game with the government. Nevertheless, due to the excessive power of the government, the slow development of the commercial class, the absence of the gentry level, the lag of political and legal academic and intellectual resource, it had led to the low degree of social autonomy of the towns in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and it was difficult for the social devolution form of constitutional institution to develop into political decentralization form of constitutional systems and normative application form of constitutional systems.

关 键 词：社会自治 社会分治形态的宪制 政治分权形态的宪制 规范适用形态的宪制 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K248[历史地理—历史学]