学龄前儿童健康状况分析  

Analysis of health status of preschool children

作　　者：李莉 LI Li(Department of Child Care,Tianjin Hexi District Women and Children's Health Care and Family Planning Service Center,Tianjin 300200,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市河西区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿保科,天津300200

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2024年第11期38-41,共4页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

摘　　要：目的 了解疫情防控期间学龄前儿童健康状况,提供针对性健康指导,进一步提高儿童健康水平。方法 对辖区托幼机构13 254例3~6岁儿童进行健康检查,测量身高、体质量,检查口腔、视力及血红蛋白,综合评估学龄前儿童健康状况。结果 学龄前儿童低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦发生率分别为0.30%、0.40%、1.28%,肥胖发生率为6.03%,超重发生率为11.94%,视力低常率为15.42%,龋齿率为31.33%,贫血率为0.54%。男童平均体质量及身高均高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童低体质量、生长迟缓、视力低常、龋齿及贫血发生率与女童比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男童消瘦发生率为1.09%,低于女童的1.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.031,P<0.05)。男童超重和肥胖发生率分别为13.15%和7.70%,高于女童的10.68%和4.28%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.244、68.179,P<0.05)。结论 疫情防控期间学龄前儿童体格发育整体状况较好,营养过剩是当前学龄前儿童主要面临的营养问题,视力低常发生率较高,且该儿童龋齿率较高,因此做好学龄前儿童的保健工作,减少儿童不良习惯,以促进儿童健康成长。Objective To understand the health status of preschool children during the epidemic prevention and control period,and to provide targeted health guidance and further improve the health level of children.Methods A total of 13,254 children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in the jurisdiction were given health check,their height,weight,oral cavity,vision and hemoglobin were measured,and the health status of preschool children was comprehensively evaluated.Results The incidence of low weight,growth retardation and emaciation in preschool children were 0.30%,0.40%and 1.28%,respectively.The incidence of obesity was 6.03%,the incidence of overweight was 11.94%,the incidence of low vision was 15.42%,the incidence of dental caries was 31.33%,and the incidence of anemia was 0.54%.The average body mass and height of boys were higher than those of girls,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of low body mass,growth retardation,low vision,dental caries and anemia between boys and girls(P>0.05).The incidence rate of emaciation in boys was 1.09%,which was lower than that in girls with 1.48%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.031,P<0.05).The incidence rates of overweight and obesity in boys were 13.15%and 7.70%,respectively,which were higher than those in girls with 10.68%and 4.28%,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=19.244,68.179,P<0.05).Conclusion During the epidemic prevention and control period,the overall physical development of preschool children was good,and overnutrition was the main nutritional problem currently faced by preschool children.The incidence of low vision was high,and the dental caries rate among children in this district was high,so we should do a good job in health care for preschool children,reduce bad habits of children,in order to promote the healthy growth of children.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 营养不良 超重 肥胖 视力低常 龋齿 

分 类 号：R175[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]