现代中国“系统观念”的观念史考察  

An Explore of the Ideal History of“System Idea”

作　　者：涂明君[1] 骆阿宁 TU Ming-jun;LUO A-ning(Department of Party Construction,Tianjin University of Administration,Tianjin 300191;School of Marxism,Liaoning University of Technology,Jinzhou 121001,China)

机构地区：[1]中共天津市委党校党的建设教研部,天津300191 [2]辽宁工业大学马克思主义学院,锦州121001

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期3-10,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“复杂系统的哲学方法论研究”(23&ZD231)。

摘　　要：中国在系统科学哲学与社会实践互动中明确提出系统观念,以观念史研究视野考量:古代重系统的家统王统意涵,近代重整体体系。西方17世纪时系统意指建立整体,经由19世纪有机论,在20世纪形成建制性社会系统理论、描述性一般系统论和内在机制性控制论三派,将现代科学思想方法注入系统观念。中国1980年代兴起系统热,控制论反馈递进和复杂系统自适应调节契合摸石头过河改革方法论,发端于系统工程的钱学森系统科学渐成体系,社会影响日增。2012年以来经由系统制度和系统治理,2022年确立坚持系统观念原则,注重普遍联系和全面系统。顶层设计与实践摸索相结合的中国式现代化系统工程,应相对淡化一般系统论的泛泛而谈,深化系统机制和社会系统理论研究。Contemporary China has clearly proposed the system idea in the interaction between philosophy of systems science and social practice.From the perspective of ideal history research,it is considered that in ancient times,there was a heavy emphasis on the meaning of family and royal systems,while in modern times,there was a focus on the holistic system.In the 17th century,the idea of system in the West referred to the establishment of a whole.Through the organic theory of the 19th century,three schools of thought emerged in the 20th century:the theory of institutional social systems,the descriptive general systems theory,and the control theory that emphasizes internal mechanisms,injecting modern scientific thinking methods into the concept of systems.After 1978,China saw a rise in system fever,where the feedback progression of control theory and the adaptive adjustment of complex systems were in line with the methodology of the“Touching the Stone and Crossing the River”reform.Qian Xuesen's system science,which originated from system engineering,gradually became a system,and its social impact increased day by day.Since 2012,through systematic systems and governance,in 2022,we have established the principle of adhering to systematic ideas,emphasizing universal connections and comprehensive systems.The Chinese path to modernization system engineering,which combines top-level design with practical exploration,should relatively downplay the generalities of general system theory and deepen the research on system mechanism and social system theory.

关 键 词：系统观念 贝塔朗菲一般系统论 钱学森系统科学 控制论 社会系统理论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]