张夏硕科史哲思想评析  

An Analysis of Hasok Chang’s Thoughts on History and Philosophy of Science

作　　者：王巍[1] 乔宇 WANG Wei;QIAO Yu(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Department of Physics,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084 [2]首都师范大学物理系,北京100048

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第11期102-108,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会科学方法论前沿问题研究”(21BZX007)。

摘　　要：张夏硕的科史哲思想主要有三大观点:“补充科学”,科史哲可以起到补充专家科学的功能;整合科史哲,科学史与科学哲学应该实现互动,共同提高;多元主义,早期是“积极规范认知多元主义”,后期是更激进的“本体论多元主义”。张夏硕的“补充科学”概念最值得欣赏,这为科学技术史的研究提供了新的可能性;此外,整合科史哲的做法也很值得鼓励,只是应该扩大视野,把科学史、科学哲学以及科技社会学都整合在一起,进而成为广义的关于科技的“史哲社”;最后,“积极规范认知多元主义”有待商榷,“互动描述认知多元主义”似乎更加合理,他的“本体论多元主义”太过激进,在现阶段“本体论一元主义但认识论多元主义”可能是更符合科学实践的哲学立场。Hasok Chang proposed three viewpoints in the history and philosophy of science:“Complementary Science”,history and philosophy of science can have the complementary function for the specialist sciences;Integrated History and Philosophy of Science,history of science and philosophy of science should engage actively,therefore achieve mutual progress;Pluralism,in the early stage,his stance is active normative epistemic pluralism,but in the later stage,ontological pluralism.Hasok Chang's concept of“Complementary Science”,which provides a new mode for the history of science and technology,is most worthy of appreciation.His approach of integrating history and philosophy of science is also worth encouraging,but it can be extended to integrate history of science,philosophy of science,and social studies of science together,and thus forming a broad sense of“HPS”,history,philosophy,and sociology of science and technology.However,his active normative epistemic pluralism is open to debate and can be replaced by“interactive descriptive epistemic pluralism”.His“ontological pluralism”is too radical at the current stage.“Ontological monism but epistemological pluralism”may be a philosophical stance which is more in line with scientific practice.

关 键 词：张夏硕 补充科学 整合科史哲 多元主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]