祁连山北麓中段不同类型草地蝗虫种类及分布  

Distribution of grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)in different grassland types across the middle zone of the northern Qilian Mountains,western China

作　　者：李东红 郝媛媛 甘辉林 张航 刘耀猛 他富源 胡桂馨[1] Donghong Li;Yuanyuan Hao;Huilin Gan;Hang Zhang;Yaomeng Liu;Fuyuan Ta;Guixin Hu(Pratacultural College of Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Alpine Rodent Pest Control,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Lanzhou 730070,China;Grassland Workstation of Zhangye City,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/国家林业草原高寒草地鼠害防控工程技术研究中心,兰州730070 [2]张掖市草原工作站,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第9期26-39,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960350);张掖市草原害虫基况调查(GSAU-JSFW-2021-22);祁连山北麓昆虫群落调查与生境评估(GSAU-JSFW-2022-124)。

摘　　要：为了明确祁连山北麓中段不同类型草地中蝗虫的物种与分布格局,以及蝗虫物种多样性与环境因子的关系,本文于2021–2023年每年的6–8月,在祁连山北麓中段各县市的不同类型草地上,采用网捕法采集蝗虫,同时调查草地植被组成,并利用Arc GIS提取环境数据。本次调查共捕获蝗虫6,176头,隶属9科28属48种,包括一新记录种。山地草原蝗虫物种数最多,温性荒漠和温性荒漠化草原次之,高寒荒漠最少;不同类型草地中的蝗虫优势种类各不相同。除高寒荒漠、沼泽草甸和低平地草甸外,宽须蚁蝗(Myrmeleotettix palpalis)广泛分布于祁连山北麓中段其他类型草地,而大垫尖翅蝗(Epacromius coerulipes)、无齿稻蝗(Oxyaadentata)、条纹异爪蝗(Euchorthippus vittatus)等仅分布于沼泽草甸和低平地草甸,长足褶蜢(Ptygomastax longifemora)仅分布于高寒荒漠。高寒草甸与高寒灌丛草甸以及山地草原与山地草甸的蝗虫群落均为极相似,山地草甸与高寒草甸、温性草原化荒漠与温性荒漠化草原以及温性荒漠与温性草原化荒漠的蝗虫群落表现为中等相似。山地草甸和温性草原化荒漠的蝗虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于其他类型草地;温性荒漠、温性草原化荒漠和山地草甸的蝗虫Simpson优势度指数显著高于其他类型草地;Pielou均匀度指数以高寒荒漠最高,Margalef丰富度指数以山地草原、山地草甸和高寒灌丛草甸最高。沼泽草甸、山地草甸、高寒草甸和高寒灌丛草甸的植被盖度显著高于其他类型草地,高寒草甸的植被Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均最高,温性草原化荒漠最低;Pielou均匀度指数以高寒灌丛草甸最高,高寒荒漠最低。在区域尺度上,气候对蝗虫物种多样性及分布的影响最大,土壤和植被的影响较小。祁连山北麓复杂多样的地形地貌和草地生境造就了蝗虫物种组成的多样�Aims:This field investigation attempts to determine the diversity and distributions patterns of grasshopper species across different grassland types in the middle zone of the Qilian Mountains in western China,and to analyze the relationship between grasshopper diversity and environmental factors.Methods:From June to August in the years 2021 to 2023,grasshoppers were collected utilizing sweep netting across various types of grasslands situated in the middle zone of the northern Qilian Mountains.Simultaneously,Grassland vegetation composition was investigated,and environmental data were extracted using ArcGIS.Results:A total of 6,176 grasshoppers were collected,encompassing 48 species from 28 genera and 9 families,including 1 new record species for Gansu Province.The highest number of grasshopper species was found in mountain steppe,followed by temperate desert and temperate desert steppe,with the lowest in alpine desert.The dominant species were different among different type of grasslands.Myrmeleotettix palpalis was widely distributed except in alpine desert,swamp meadow and lowland meadows.Epacromius coerulipes,Oxya adentata,and Euchorthippus vittatus were found only in swamp meadow and lowland meadow,while Ptygomastax longifemora was exclusive to alpine desert.Grasshopper communities showed extreme similarity between alpine shrub meadow,as well as between mountain steppe and mountain meadow.Moderate similarity was observed between mountain meadow and alpine meadow,temperate grassland desert and temperate desert steppe,and temperate desert and temperate grassland desert.Shannon-Wiener diversity index for grasshopper was significantly higher in mountain meadow and temperate grassland desert than in other grassland types.Simpson dominance index was significantly higher in temperate desert,temperate grassland desert,and mountain meadow.Pielou evenness index was highest in alpine desert,while species richness was highest in mountain meadow,mountain steppe,and alpine shrub meadow.Vegetation cover was significantly hi

关 键 词：祁连山北麓 天然草原 草地类型 蝗虫种类 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]