美国在印太地区防务设施部署与“基地依赖”战略重估  

The Deployment of the U.S.Defense Infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific Region and the Revaluation of the“Base-Dependence”Strategy

作　　者：陈桂芸 袁征[2,3] Chen Guiyun;Yuan Zheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院美国研究所、中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院美国研究所 [3]中华美国学会

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2024年第6期46-77,155,156,共34页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

摘　　要：美国防务设施概念包含但不止于美国军事基地,该概念的提出旨在拓宽美对印太地区基地部署结构调整的可能性。美国在印太地区的防务设施作为美国战备资源之一、全球防御态势和作战场景设置的重要组成部分、“印太战略”的地缘物质依托与塑造印太安全架构的物理基础,是在两百多年的扩张史与战争史中演变而成的,历史赋予了其条件、遗产与包袱。随着全球战略重心转移到印太地区,美国在印太地区的防务设施部署具有多重战略功用,包括在防御基础上增强对印太地区潜在冲突的响应能力、强化对华“拒止性威慑”与支撑“模块化”作战框架、支持“一体化威慑”下的安全合作与巩固印太盟伴关系。然而,美国的“基地依赖”具有诸多局限性,主要挑战在于美国国防部军事部署宏观调整的缓慢态势与基地结构调整空间有限性、美国防务设施固有防御性与受反制可能性、印太防务设施部署的盟伴关系困境等。中国应洞察美国“基地依赖”战略的固有缺陷,探寻强化与美在亚太博弈的战略优势之道,推动亚太战略平衡持续向有利于中国方向倾移。American defense infrastructures include but not only military bases,aiming to broaden the possibility of restructuring American base deployment in the Indo-Pacific region.The U.S.defense facilities in the Indo-Pacific region,as one of the U.S.combat readiness resources,an important part of the global defense posture and combat scenario setting,and the geographical material support of the“Indo-Pacific Strategy”and the physical basis for shaping the Indo-Pacific security architecture,have evolved in the history of more than two hundred years of expansion and war history,and history has endowed them with conditions,legacies and burdens.With the global strate-gic focus switching to the Indo-Pacific region,the defense infrastructure of the U.S.in the Indo-Pacific region has new multi-strategic implications for the U.S.,including strengthening the response capacity to potential conflicts in the Indo-Pacific region on the basis of defense,strengthening the strategy of deterrence by denial and supporting the“modular”operational framework against China and supporting the security coopera-tion of the integrated deterrence and consolidating the Indo-Pacific partnership.However,the U.S.“Base Dependence”has many limitations,and the main challenges lie in the slow macro adjustment of the U.S.Department of Defense's military deployment,the limited space for base structure adjustment,the inherent defensiveness and the possibility of countermeasures,and the difficulties of the tackling the alliance relation in the de-ployment of Indo-Pacific defense infrastructure.China should have an insight into the inherent defects of the U.S.“base dependence”strategy,explore ways to strengthen its strategic advantages with the U.S.in the Asia-Pacific game,and promote the strate-gic balance in the Asia-Pacific region to continue to shift in favor of China.

关 键 词：地缘政治 军事基地 “印太战略” 中美竞争 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学] D871.2[政治法律—政治学] E712[政治法律—外交学]