印度教民族主义强势崛起对印度产生的影响及发展趋势  

The Influence of the Rise of Hindu Nationalism on India and the Trends

作　　者：钟爱 胡文远 Zhong Ai;Hu Wenyuan

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学印度洋地区研究中心

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2024年第6期78-102,156,共26页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“印度在‘印太战略’中的作用、影响与中国的对策研究”(项目批准号:22BGJ069);云南省哲学社会科学规划智库项目“泛安全化背景下中国—南亚地区非传统安全合作路径研究”(项目批准号:ZK2024YB07)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：自2019年进入第二个任期以来,莫迪政府推进印度教民族主义议程的速度明显加快,不仅构建了“印度教至上”的话语体系,还以行政立法的方式在全国范围内推行“印度教特性”意识形态。受此影响,印度长期坚持的世俗主义逐渐褪色,印度教民族主义意识形态成为国内主流意识形态,对印度的政治生态和社会发展产生了复杂影响。印度教民族主义的影响不仅限于国内政治层面,也对印度的对外战略和外交行为模式产生了重要影响。随着废除印控克什米尔地区特殊地位、重建罗摩神庙和制定统一民法典三项印度教民族主义重大议程的逐渐推进和完成,印人党的执政地位更加稳固。2024年印度议会下院的选举结果显示印人党相较其他政党的全面优势短期内不会发生改变。未来,印人党推行印度教民族主义议程的手段将更加灵活多样,并注重在意识形态上强调“世俗的印度教特性”的合理性与合法性,重视在国际场合推广印度教色彩的公共外交等必将对印度的政治生态和外交政策产生深远影响。Since entering its second term in 2019,the Modi government has sig-nificantly accelerated the pace of promoting the Hindu nationalism agenda,not only constructing a discourse system of“Hindu Supremacy”,but also promoting the ideology of“Hindutva”across the country by legislation.In this backdrop,the secularism that India has long adhered to has gradually faded,and the ideology of Hindu nationalism has become the mainstream ideology in the country,having a complex impact on India's political ecology and social development.The influence of Hindu nationalism is not con-fined to domestic politics but also had a significant impact on India's international strate-gy and patterns of diplomatic behavior.With the progress and completion of the three major Hindu nationalism agendas,namely the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir,rebuilding the Ram Temple and enacting a Unified Civil Code,the ruling position of BJP has become more solid.The results of the 2024 Lok Sabha election show that the overall advantage of BJP over other political parties will not change in the short term.In the future,the BJP will adopt more flexible and diverse means to promote its Hindu nationalism agenda,focusing on emphasizing the legitimacy of the“Secular Hin-dutva”,and it will prioritize promoting Hindu religious public diplomacy,which will undoubtedly have a profound impact on India's politics and foreign policy.

关 键 词：印度教民族主义 莫迪政府 印人党 世俗主义 

分 类 号：B982[哲学宗教—宗教学] D735.1[政治法律—政治学]