耕地占补平衡制度:问题探析与完善路径  

The System of Farmland Occupation and Supplement Balance:the Practice and Improvement

作　　者：刘锐 房昀玮 Liu Rui;Fang Yunwei

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2024年第7期40-50,共11页Administration Reform

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项“社会主义核心价值观融入乡村振兴制度建设研究”(20VHJ002)。

摘　　要：我国的耕地占补平衡制度能够为耕地保护实践提供基本的操作依据,但是这一制度在运行中存在以下问题:缺乏对地方政府占补环节的有效监督;耕作主体的权利保障不充分,缺乏相应的激励机制;对补充耕地的后期管护不足,耕地保护长效机制尚未建立。为了实现耕地数量、质量和生态“三位一体”的平衡,在借鉴生物多样性抵补制度的基础上,有必要探索建立由自然资源主管部门监督的全国性补充耕地指标交易平台,加强占补环节的监督,并建立以指标交易收益基金为核心的耕地补充补偿机制。同时完善以管护协议为载体的补充耕地后期管护制度,以保持补充耕地的数量和质量。A comprehensive system of farmland occupation and supplement balance has been confirmed in legislation,which provides legal basis for practice.However,the system in protecting farmland proves ineffective,and a long-term mechanism for protecting farmland has not yet been established.Moreover,the rights of the farmers and their initiative to participate have been ignored,and the incentive mechanisms are lacking.In order to achieve a balance between the quantity,quality,and ecology of arable land,it is necessary to establish a national market of supplementary arable land index supervised by the natural resources regulatory department and strengthen the supervision of the occupation and supplement by learning from the experiences of biodiversity offsetting systems in western countries.Farmland rights holders can directly participate in supplementary farmland indicator transactions and will be compensated by the fund with the indicator trading returns annually.More importantly,a management and protection system for supplementary farmland after trading based on the conservation covenant should be established to maintain the quantity and quality of supplementary farmland.

关 键 词：占补平衡 补充耕地指标交易 生物多样性抵补 耕地保护补偿 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]