水分胁迫下施用磷石膏改良滨海盐碱土对小麦生长影响与环境风险评估初探  

Primary Study of Effects of Phosphogypsum on Growth of Winter Wheat and Environmental Risk Assessment in Costal Saline-sodic Soil Under Different Soil Moistures

作　　者：吴洪生[1] 陈小青[1] 马文舟 王晓云 周国华 丁军 程诚 李妍慧 迟金和 石陶然 段亚军 邸明春 李贞伟 石佑华 WU Hongsheng;CHEN Xiaoqing;MA Wenzhou;WANG Xiaoyun;ZHOU Guohua;DING Jun;CHENG Cheng;LI Yanhui;CHI Jinhe;SHI Taoran;DUAN Yajun;DI Mingchun;LI Zhenwei;SHI Youhua(Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Xuyi County Arable Land Quality Protection Station,Xuyi,Jiangsu 211700,China;Xinghua City Arable Land Quality Protection Station,Xinghua,Jiangsu 225700,China;Binhai Agricultural Cardre Training School,Binhai,Jiangsu 224500,China;Nanjing Eco-bump Ecology and Environmental Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210042,China;Rudong County Arable Land Quality Protection Station,Rudong,Jiangsu 226404,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学农业资源与环境系,南京210044 [2]盱眙县耕地质量保护站,江苏盱眙211700 [3]兴化市耕地质量保护站,江苏兴化225700 [4]滨海县农业干部学校,江苏滨海224500 [5]南京怡可帮生态环境科技有限公司,南京210042 [6]如东县耕地质量保护站,江苏如东226404

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第5期1042-1050,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177020)资助。

摘　　要：在前期磷石膏改良效果试验的基础上,通过室内盆栽试验,采用滨海盐土种植小麦,磷石膏施用量45 000 kg/hm^(2),进行不同土壤持水量下水分与磷石膏的交互作用对小麦生长影响及环境风险试验,分别设置土壤饱和持水量的90%、80%、70%、60%、50%、40%、30%共7个处理。结果表明,含水量为土壤田间持水量的30%处理比持水量80%处理的小麦株高减少32.06%,总鲜生物量减少44.17%,根生物量增加106.06%,根冠比提高,小麦叶片抗氧化酶活性提高,丙二醛含量增加98.37%;土壤Cd增加3.2%,Pb增加7.2%,Cu增加50.9%,水溶性F增加150%;小麦叶片Cd增加50%,Pb增加33.3%,F增加275%。虽然尚未达到土壤和地下水重金属污染环境质量标准,但是如果长期连续高量施用磷石膏,会导致土壤和地下水相应有害物质积累;小麦叶片中的重金属在灌浆时会逐渐向籽粒转移积累,有一定风险。水分胁迫影响小麦生长发育,导致土壤及小麦叶片中Cd和水溶性F含量提高,会带来小麦籽粒残留Cd和F增加的风险。在气象干旱及盐碱地盐胁迫引起的生理干旱条件下施用磷石膏改良盐碱土可能会引起土壤及地下水环境风险和农产品安全风险,需要加强专项研究和应用监测。Based on previous experiments of effective phosphogypsum(PG)application,a pot experiment of costal saline-sodic soil osmosis-based physiological drought was simulated in lab with 45000 kg/hm^(2) of PG was added to test the effects of different soil moistures on wheat growth and possible environmental risk,in which,seven treatments of 90%,80%,70%,60%,50%,40%and 30%soil water-holding capacity(SHWC)were designed.Results showed that wheat height and biomass under 30%SHWC were decreased by 32.06%and 44.17%than those under 80%SHWC respectively,while wheat root weight and malondialdihyde(MDA)were increased by 106.06%and 98.37%respectively,root/shoot ratio and leaf anti-oxidase activities were also increased;The concentrations of Cd,Pb,Cu and soluble F in soil were increased by 3.2%,7.2%,50.9%and 150%respectively,and the contents of Cd,Pb,soluble F in wheat leaves were increased by 50%,33.3%and 275%respectively.Applying PG to amend saline-sodic soil affected wheat growth under water stress resulting in the increase of Cd and soluble F in soil and wheat leaves.The contents of toxic elements increased in soil and wheat leaves were far from the national limits of heavy metals in soil and grains,however toxic elements in soil and groundwater will be accumulated with the continued application of PG.Meantime toxic elements in wheat leaves transported to grain may cause grain safety risk.The use of PG in saline-sodic soil in drought region and physiological drought caused by soil high-salt osmosis may lead to the ecological and environmental risks of soil,ground water and food safety,thus,special study and monitor are suggested in order to minimize the ecological and environmental and food safety risks.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱土 磷石膏 水分胁迫 小麦 抗性酶 环境风险评估 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]