3个林区不同森林类型林下植物物种多样性及变化特征分析  

Analysis of species diversity and change characteristics of understory vegetation of different forest types in three forset regions

作　　者：崔芳科 许秀玉[2] 付立勇 梁嘉怡 莫丽君 李伟梅 蔡志全 CUI Fangke;XU Xiuyu;FU Liyong;LIANG Jiayi;MO Lijun;LI Weimei;CAI Zhiquan(Department of Horticulture,Foshan University,Foshan 528200,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry Sciences,Guangzhou 510520,China;Institute of Forestry in Gaoming,Foshan 528500,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山大学园艺系,广东佛山528200 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [3]高明林业科学研究所,广东佛山528500

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第23期68-76,共9页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971697);广东省林业创新项目(2021KJCX002);广东省科技创新乡村振兴战略专项(2021-6844)。

摘　　要：为探究广东地区不同森林类型林下植物物种多样性及药用植物的变化特征,对同属亚热带气候区的江门纯尾叶桉林(林龄为2.5、4和7 a)、高明人工林(4 a生马尾松林、4.5 a生尾叶桉林和常绿阔叶林)和南岭原始森林的林下植物资源进行调查,记录每个样地内林下维管植物的种类和数量,计算其α多样性指数,评估物种重要值,统计每种森林类型林下药用植物的种类、比例、生活型和入药部位。结果表明,(1)江门纯尾叶桉林随着林龄增加,林下植物科属种的数量、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Fisher’sα指数呈先下降后上升趋势,而Pielou指数和Simpson优势度指数呈相反趋势。不同森林类型林下植物科属种数量、Margalef丰富度指数和Fisher’sα指数均是南岭原始林区>高明林区>江门林区。(2)3个林区不同森林类型的林下优势植物中均有芒萁[Dicranopteris pedata(Houtt.)Nakaike],前5种优势物种的重要值占比最高的江门纯尾叶桉林,南岭原始林最低,说明南岭原始林林下植物分布更均匀。(3)林下植物中药用植物种类最多的是高明林区,从江门纯尾叶桉林到南岭原始林,药用植物主要生活型从一年生草本向常绿阔叶乔木演变,入药部位从全草入药向叶和根等部位演变。以上结果表明,林龄对纯尾叶桉林林下植物多样性有重要影响,随着林分复杂程度的提高,林下植物与药用植物的物种丰富程度和物种分布均匀度逐步提高。To explore the species diversity and change characteristics of understory vegetation of different forest types in Guangdong Province,the Eucalyptus urophylla forests of different ages(2.5,4 and 7 years old)in Jiangmen,Pinus massoniana(4 years old)and Eucalyptus urophylla forests(4.5 years old),and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Gaoming,as well as primary forests in Nanling were surveyed.Vascular plant species and their numbers in each site,calculatedα-diversity indices,and assessed species importance values were recorded.Medicinal plant species,proportions,life forms,and plant parts used were also analyzed.Results indicated that:(1)In Jiangmen’s Eucalyptus urophylla forests,species richness,Margalef’s richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,and Fisher’sαindex initially decreased with forest age,then increased,while Pielou’s index and Simpson dominance index showed the opposite trend.Species richness,Margalef’s index,and Fisher’sαindex were highest in Nanling’s primary forest,followed by Gaoming and Jiangmen forests.(2)Dicranopteris pedata was found in the understory dominant plants of different forest types in the three forest regions.The top five important understory plants were most dominant in Jiangmen’s Eucalyptus urophylla forests and least in Nanling’s primary forests,where plant distribution was more even.(3)Gaoming had the highest diversity of medicinal plant species among the forest types.From Eucalyptus urophylla forests in Jiangmen to primary forests in Nanling,the predominant life form of medicinal plants shifted from annual herbs to evergreen broad-leaved trees,and the plant parts used shifted from whole plants to leaves and roots.This study highlights the significant influence of forest age on understory plant diversity in Eucalyptus urophylla forests.As forest complexity increases,both the richness and evenness of understory plants and medicinal species distribution improve.

关 键 词：植物资源 物种多样性 重要值 药用植物 亚热带森林 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]