制坯方法对大型铝合金锻件变形均匀性的影响规律  

Effect of Billet Manufacturing Methods on the Deformation Uniformity of Large Aluminum Alloy Forgings

作　　者：李海涛[1] 李佳汶 周杰[3] LI Haitao;LI Jiawen;ZHOU Jie(Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Shenyang 110035,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Advanced Mold Intelligent Manufacturing,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳110035 [2]重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400044 [3]重庆大学先进模具智能制造重庆市重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2024年第12期173-179,共7页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3403703);高强韧2050铝锂合金锻件研制(JZKG20220115)。

摘　　要：目的解决大型铝合金自由锻拔长制坯组织均匀性差、部分区域力学性能不达标的问题。方法提出了用于对称拔长方法的斜面型拔长砧,该砧两侧均设计为带有一定角度的斜面结构,使拔长进给过程中交界区域形成变形过渡区,在拔长时实现交界区变形的连续性。通过有限元模拟,将该方法与传统非对称拔长以及进给量和压下量组合成不同工艺方案进行比较研究,获得了不同方案拔长对锻坯变形均匀性的影响规律。结果在传统非对称拔长方法下,减小进给量和压下量后,在一定程度上可以提高变形的均匀性,锻坯的等效应变均方差由0.710降为0.633,纵向应变均方差由0.180降为0.162;采用近“V”型斜面拔长砧对称拔长法后,锻坯的等效应变均方差进一步下降为0.605,纵向应变均方差下降为0.098。结论经生产试制可知,采用斜面拔长砧对称拔长法可以大幅度提高拔长坯料的变形均匀性,且纵向的提升效果更为显著。The work aims to address the issue of poor microstructure uniformity and substandard mechanical properties of large aluminum alloy billets during free forging and drawing.An inclined plane type drawing anvil for symmetric drawing method was proposed,where both sides of the anvil were designed with inclined surfaces at a certain angle.This structure could facilitate the formation of a deformation transition zone in the interface region during the drawing feeding process,ensuring the continuity of deformation in the interface region during the drawing.Through finite element simulation,the method was compared with the traditional asymmetric drawing and the different process schemes under the combination of feeding and reduction for comparative study,and the effect of different schemes on the deformation uniformity of forging billet was obtained.With the traditional asymmetric drawing method,the reduction of the feeding and reduction could to some extent enhance deformation uniformity,the effective strain variance was reduced from 0.710 to 0.633,and the lengthwise strain variance was reduced from 0.180 to 0.162.However,with the nearly“V”-shaped inclined plane type drawing anvil and symmetric drawing method,the effective strain variance of the billet was further reduced to 0.605,and the lengthwise strain variance was reduced to 0.098.Finally,through production trials,the use of the symmetric drawing method with an inclined plane type drawing anvil has been validated to significantly improve the deformation uniformity of the drawing billets,with a particularly noticeable enhancement in the lengthwise direction.

关 键 词：自由锻 制坯 变形均匀性 铝合金 拔长砧 

分 类 号：TG316.2[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]